作者:唐朝·韩愈 ┋ 阅读:85494

古(gǔ )之(zhī )学(xué )者(zhě )必(bì )有(yǒu )师(shī )。师(shī )者(zhě )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )传(chuán )道(dào )受(shòu )业(yè )解(jiě )惑(huò )也(yě )。人(rén )非(fēi )生(shēng )而(ér )知(zhī )之(zhī )者(zhě )，孰(shú )能(néng )无(wú )惑(huò )？惑(huò )而(ér )不(bú )从(cóng )师(shī )，其(qí )为(wéi )惑(huò )也(yě )，终(zhōng )不(bú )解(jiě )矣(yǐ )。生(shēng )乎(hū )吾(wú )前(qián )，其(qí )闻(wén )道(dào )也(yě )固(gù )先(xiān )乎(hū )吾(wú )，吾(wú )从(cóng )而(ér )师(shī )之(zhī )；生(shēng )乎(hū )吾(wú )后(hòu )，其(qí )闻(wén )道(dào )也(yě )亦(yì )先(xiān )乎(hū )吾(wú )，吾(wú )从(cóng )而(ér )师(shī )之(zhī )。吾(wú )师(shī )道(dào )也(yě )，夫(fū )庸(yōng )知(zhī )其(qí )年(nián )之(zhī )先(xiān )后(hòu )生(shēng )于(yú )吾(wú )乎(hū )？是(shì )故(gù )无(wú )贵(guì )无(wú )贱(jiàn )，无(wú )长(zhǎng )无(wú )少(shǎo )，道(dào )之(zhī )所(suǒ )存(cún )师(shī )之(zhī )所(suǒ )存(cún )也(yě )。

嗟(jiē )乎(hū )！师(shī )道(dào )之(zhī )不(bú )传(chuán )也(yě )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )！欲(yù )人(rén )之(zhī )无(wú )惑(huò )也(yě )难(nán )矣(yǐ )！古(gǔ )之(zhī )圣(shèng )人(rén )，其(qí )出(chū )人(rén )也(yě )远(yuǎn )矣(yǐ )，犹(yóu )且(qiě )从(cóng )师(shī )而(ér )问(wèn )焉(yān )；今(jīn )之(zhī )众(zhòng )人(rén )，其(qí )下(xià )圣(shèng )人(rén )也(yě )亦(yì )远(yuǎn )矣(yǐ )，而(ér )耻(chǐ )学(xué )于(yú )师(shī )。是(shì )故(gù )圣(shèng )益(yì )圣(shèng )，愚(yú )益(yì )愚(yú )。圣(shèng )人(rén )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )圣(shèng )，愚(yú )人(rén )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )愚(yú )，其(qí )皆(jiē )出(chū )于(yú )此(cǐ )乎(hū )?爱(ài )其(qí )子(zǐ )，择(zé )师(shī )而(ér )教(jiāo )之(zhī )；于(yú )其(qí )身(shēn )也(yě )，则(zé )耻(chǐ )师(shī )焉(yān )，惑(huò )矣(yǐ )。彼(bǐ )童(tóng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )师(shī )，授(shòu )之(zhī )书(shū )而(ér )习(xí )其(qí )句(jù )读(dú )者(zhě )，非(fēi )吾(wú )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )传(chuán )其(qí )道(dào )解(jiě )其(qí )惑(huò )者(zhě )也(yě )。句(jù )读(dú )之(zhī )不(bú )知(zhī )，惑(huò )之(zhī )不(bú )解(jiě )，或(huò )师(shī )焉(yān )，或(huò )不(bú )焉(yān )，小(xiǎo )学(xué )而(ér )大(dà )遗(yí )，吾(wú )未(wèi )见(jiàn )其(qí )明(míng )也(yě )。巫(wū )医(yī )乐(lè )师(shī )百(bǎi )工(gōng )之(zhī )人(rén )，不(bú )耻(chǐ )相(xiàng )师(shī )。士(shì )大(dà )夫(fū )之(zhī )族(zú )，曰(yuē )师(shī )曰(yuē )弟(dì )子(zǐ )云(yún )者(zhě )，则(zé )群(qún )聚(jù )而(ér )笑(xiào )之(zhī )。问(wèn )之(zhī )，则(zé )曰(yuē )：“彼(bǐ )与(yǔ )彼(bǐ )年(nián )相(xiàng )若(ruò )也(yě )，道(dào )相(xiàng )似(sì )也(yě )，位(wèi )卑(bēi )则(zé )足(zú )羞(xiū )，官(guān )盛(shèng )则(zé )近(jìn )谀(yú )。”呜(wū )呼(hū )！师(shī )道(dào )之(zhī )不(bú )复(fù )可(kě )知(zhī )矣(yǐ )。巫(wū )医(yī )乐(lè )师(shī )百(bǎi )工(gōng )之(zhī )人(rén )，君(jūn )子(zǐ )不(bú )齿(chǐ )，今(jīn )其(qí )智(zhì )乃(nǎi )反(fǎn )不(bú )能(néng )及(jí )，其(qí )可(kě )怪(guài )也(yě )欤(yú )！

圣(shèng )人(rén )无(wú )常(cháng )师(shī )。孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )师(shī )郯(tán )子(zǐ )、苌(cháng )弘(hóng )、师(shī )襄(xiāng )、老(lǎo )聃(dān )。郯(tán )子(zǐ )之(zhī )徒(tú )，其(qí )贤(xián )不(bú )及(jí )孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )。孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )曰(yuē )：“三(sān )人(rén )行(háng )，则(zé )必(bì )有(yǒu )我(wǒ )师(shī )”。是(shì )故(gù )弟(dì )子(zǐ )不(bú )必(bì )不(bú )如(rú )师(shī )，师(shī )不(bú )必(bì )贤(xián )于(yú )弟(dì )子(zǐ )。闻(wén )道(dào )有(yǒu )先(xiān )后(hòu )，术(shù )业(yè )有(yǒu )专(zhuān )攻(gōng )，如(rú )是(shì )而(ér )已(yǐ )。

李(lǐ )氏(shì )子(zǐ )蟠(pán )，年(nián )十(shí )七(qī )，好(hǎo )古(gǔ )文(wén )，六(liù )艺(yì )经(jīng )传(chuán )皆(jiē )通(tōng )习(xí )之(zhī )，不(bú )拘(jū )于(yú )时(shí )，学(xué )于(yú )余(yú )。余(yú )嘉(jiā )其(qí )能(néng )行(háng )古(gǔ )道(dào )，作(zuò )《师(shī )说(shuō )》以(yǐ )贻(yí )之(zhī )。

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