《何博士备论》楚汉论拼音版-注音版本（宋朝·何去非）

王(wáng )天(tiān )下(xià )者(zhě )，其(qí )资(zī )有(yǒu )三(sān )：有(yǒu )以(yǐ )德(dé )得(dé )之(zhī )，有(yǒu )以(yǐ )力(lì )并(bìng )之(zhī )，有(yǒu )以(yǐ )智(zhì )取(qǔ )之(zhī )。得(dé )之(zhī )以(yǐ )德(dé )者(zhě )，三(sān )代(dài )是(shì )也(yě )；并(bìng )之(zhī )以(yǐ )力(lì )者(zhě )，秦(qín )人(rén )是(shì )也(yě )；取(qǔ )之(zhī )以(yǐ )智(zhì )者(zhě )，刘(liú )汉(hàn )是(shì )也(yě )。盖(gài )以(yǐ )力(lì )则(zé )不(bú )若(ruò )智(zhì )之(zhī )胜(shèng )，以(yǐ )智(zhì )则(zé )不(bú )若(ruò )德(dé )之(zhī )全(quán )。

至(zhì )于(yú )项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )之(zhī )争(zhēng )天(tiān )下(xià )也(yě )，其(qí )所(suǒ )执(zhí )者(zhě )为(wéi )何(hé )资(zī )耶(yē )？德(dé )非(fēi )羽(yǔ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )得(dé )言(yán )者(zhě )矣(yǐ )，其(qí )于(yú )智(zhì )、力(lì )之(zhī )资(zī )又(yòu )皆(jiē )两(liǎng )亡(wáng )焉(yān )。而(ér )后(hòu )世(shì )之(zhī )议(yì )乃(nǎi )曰(yuē )：项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )其(qí )亦(yì )不(bú )幸(xìng )遇(yù )敌(dí )于(yú )汉(hàn )而(ér )遂(suí )失(shī )之(zhī )。嗟(jiē )夫(fū )！虽(suī )微(wēi )汉(hàn )高(gāo )帝(dì )，而(ér )羽(yǔ )之(zhī )于(yú )天(tiān )下(xià )固(gù )将(jiāng )失(shī )之(zhī )也(yě )。汉(hàn )王(wáng )之(zhī )于(yú )智(zhì )盖(gài )疏(shū )矣(yǐ )，以(yǐ )其(qí )能(néng )得(dé )真(zhēn )智(zhì )之(zhī )所(suǒ )在(zài )，此(cǐ )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )王(wáng )；项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )之(zhī )于(yú )力(lì )尝(cháng )强(qiáng )矣(yǐ )，以(yǐ )其(qí )不(bú )知(zhī )真(zhēn )力(lì )之(zhī )所(suǒ )在(zài )，此(cǐ )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )亡(wáng )。彼(bǐ )项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )以(yǐ )百(bǎi )战(zhàn )百(bǎi )胜(shèng )气(qì )盖(gài )于(yú )一(yī )时(shí )，手(shǒu )袭(xí )天(tiān )下(xià )以(yǐ )王(wáng )豪(háo )杰(jié )而(ér )宰(zǎi )制(zhì )之(zhī )，自(zì )以(yǐ )天(tiān )下(xià )莫(mò )能(néng )抗(kàng )也(yě )。观(guān )其(qí )所(suǒ )赖(lài )以(yǐ )为(wéi )资(zī )，盖(gài )有(yǒu )类(lèi )乎(hū )力(lì )者(zhě )矣(yǐ )。虽(suī )然(rán )，彼(bǐ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )力(lì )者(zhě )，内(nèi )恃(shì )其(qí )身(shēn )之(zhī )勇(yǒng )，叱(chì )咤(zhà )震(zhèn )怒(nù )足(zú )以(yǐ )威(wēi )匹(pǐ )夫(fū )；外(wài )恃(shì )其(qí )众(zhòng )之(zhī )劲(jìn )，搏(bó )捽(zuó )决(jué )战(zhàn )足(zú )以(yǐ )吞(tūn )敌(dí )人(rén )而(ér )已(yǐ )。至(zhì )于(yú )阻(zǔ )河(hé )山(shān )，据(jù )形(xíng )便(biàn )，俯(fǔ )首(shǒu )东(dōng )瞰(kàn )，临(lín )制(zhì )天(tiān )下(xià )，保(bǎo )王(wáng )业(yè )之(zhī )固(gù )，遗(yí )后(hòu )世(shì )之(zhī )强(qiáng )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )真(zhēn )力(lì )者(zhě )，彼(bǐ )固(gù )莫(mò )或(huò )之(zhī )知(zhī )也(yě )。是(shì )以(yǐ )轻(qīng )指(zhǐ )关(guān )中(zhōng )天(tiān )险(xiǎn )之(zhī )势(shì )，燔(fán )烧(shāo )屠(tú )戮(lù )逞(chěng )其(qí )暴(bào )，卒(zú )举(jǔ )而(ér )遗(yí )之(zhī )二(èr )三(sān )降(jiàng )虏(lǔ )，反(fǎn )怀(huái )区(qū )区(qū )之(zhī )故(gù )楚(chǔ )而(ér )甚(shèn )荣(róng )。其(qí )归(guī )乃(nǎi )曰(yuē )：「富(fù )贵(guì )不(bú )归(guī )故(gù )乡(xiāng )，如(rú )衣(yī )绣(xiù )夜(yè )行(háng )，谁(shuí )能(néng )知(zhī )者(zhě )？」此(cǐ )特(tè )浅(qiǎn )丈(zhàng )夫(fū )之(zhī )量(liàng )，安(ān )足(zú )为(wéi )志(zhì )天(tiān )下(xià )者(zhě )道(dào )哉(zāi )！后(hòu )之(zhī )数(shù )羽(yǔ )之(zhī )罪(zuì )者(zhě )，皆(jiē )曰(yuē )：夺(duó )汉(hàn )王(wáng )之(zhī )关(guān )中(zhōng )，负(fù )信(xìn )义(yì )于(yú )天(tiān )下(xià )，此(cǐ )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )亡(wáng )。嗟(jiē )夫(fū )！使(shǐ )项(xiàng )氏(shì )无(wú )意(yì )于(yú )王(wáng )，而(ér )徒(tú )夺(duó )汉(hàn )王(wáng )之(zhī )关(guān )中(zhōng )，则(zé )谓(wèi )其(qí )得(dé )罪(zuì )于(yú )区(qū )区(qū )之(zhī )信(xìn )义(yì )可(kě )也(yě )。如(rú )其(qí )有(yǒu )意(yì )于(yú )王(wáng )而(ér )夺(duó )之(zhī )，是(shì )得(dé )计(jì )也(yě )。惟(wéi )其(qí )知(zhī )夺(duó )而(ér )不(bú )知(zhī )其(qí )有(yǒu )，此(cǐ )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )亡(wáng )耳(ěr )。

古(gǔ )者(zhě )创(chuàng )业(yè )造(zào )邦(bāng )之(zhī )君(jūn )而(ér )为(wéi )是(shì )之(zhī )为(wéi )者(zhě )，可(kě )胜(shèng )罪(zuì )哉(zāi )？韩(hán )信(xìn )未(wèi )释(shì )垓(gāi )下(xià )之(zhī )甲(jiǎ )，而(ér )高(gāo )祖(zǔ )夺(duó )其(qí )兵(bīng )，不(bú )旋(xuán )踵(zhǒng )而(ér )又(yòu )夺(duó )其(qí )齐(qí )。然(rán )而(ér )智(zhì )者(zhě )不(bú )非(fēi )而(ér )义(yì )者(zhě )不(bú )罪(zuì )者(zhě )，以(yǐ )其(qí )为(wéi )天(tiān )下(xià )者(zhě )重(zhòng )，而(ér )负(fù )人(rén )者(zhě )轻(qīng )故(gù )也(yě )。是(shì )以(yǐ )不(bú )顾(gù )意(yì )气(qì )之(zhī )微(wēi )恩(ēn )，而(ér )全(quán )社(shè )稷(jì )之(zhī )大(dà )计(jì )也(yě )。汉(hàn )高(gāo )祖(zǔ )挟(jiā )其(qí )在(zài )己(jǐ )之(zhī )智(zhì )术(shù )，固(gù )无(wú )足(zú )以(yǐ )定(dìng )天(tiān )下(xià )而(ér )王(wáng )之(zhī )。然(rán )天(tiān )下(xià )卒(zú )归(guī )之(zhī )者(zhě )，盖(gài )能(néng )收(shōu )人(rén )之(zhī )智(zhì )而(ér )任(rèn )之(zhī )不(bú )疑(yí )也(yě )。夫(fū )能(néng )因(yīn )人(rén )之(zhī )智(zhì )而(ér )任(rèn )之(zhī )不(bú )疑(yí )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )智(zhì )皆(jiē )其(qí )资(zī )也(yě )，此(cǐ )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )真(zhēn )智(zhì )者(zhě )也(yě )。又(yòu )其(qí )所(suǒ )负(fù )者(zhě )，帝(dì )王(wáng )之(zhī )度(dù )，故(gù )于(yú )其(qí )西(xī )迁(qiān )也(yě )则(zé )曰(yuē )：「吾(wú )亦(yì )欲(yù )东(dōng )耳(ěr )，安(ān )能(néng )悒(yì )悒(yì )久(jiǔ )居(jū )此(cǐ )乎(hū )？」此(cǐ )其(qí )与(yǔ )项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )异(yì )矣(yǐ )。虽(suī )然(rán )，使(shǐ )无(wú )智(zhì )术(shù )之(zhī )士(shì )以(yǐ )主(zhǔ )其(qí )谋(móu )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )事(shì )亦(yì )去(qù )矣(yǐ )。方(fāng )其(qí )入(rù )关(guān )，乃(nǎi )封(fēng )秦(qín )府(fǔ )藏(cáng )，还(hái )军(jūn )霸(bà )上(shàng )。其(qí )画(huà )婉(wǎn )矣(yǐ )。乃(nǎi )怵(chù )于(yú )妄(wàng )议(yì )，一(yī )旦(dàn )拒(jù )关(guān )无(wú )纳(nà )东(dōng )兵(bīng )以(yǐ )逆(nì )其(qí )众(zhòng )集(jí )之(zhī )锋(fēng )，几(jǐ )不(bú )免(miǎn )于(yú )项(xiàng )氏(shì )之(zhī )暴(bào )。使(shǐ )遂(suí )卑(bēi )而(ér )骄(jiāo )之(zhī )，当(dāng )能(néng )舒(shū )徐(xú )拱(gǒng )揖(yī )以(yǐ )得(dé )项(xiàng )王(wáng )之(zhī )欢(huān )心(xīn )，奠(diàn )枕(zhěn )而(ér )王(wáng )关(guān )中(zhōng )，抚(fǔ )循(xún )其(qí )众(zhòng )，徐(xú )为(wéi )后(hòu )图(tú )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )不(bú )足(zú )定(dìng )矣(yǐ )。幸(xìng )而(ér )复(fù )获(huò )汉(hàn )中(zhōng )之(zhī )迁(qiān )，因(yīn )思(sī )归(guī )之(zhī )士(shì )，并(bìng )三(sān )秦(qín )定(dìng )齐(qí )、赵(zhào )，收(shōu )信(xìn )、越(yuè )，以(yǐ )与(yǔ )项(xiàng )王(wáng )亲(qīn )角(jiǎo )者(zhě )数(shù )岁(suì )，仅(jǐn )乃(nǎi )得(dé )之(zhī )。向(xiàng )使(shǐ )项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )据(jù )关(guān )而(ér )王(wáng )，驱(qū )以(yǐ )东(dōng )出(chū )，使(shǐ )与(yǔ )韩(hán )、彭(péng )、田(tián )、黥(qíng )之(zhī )徒(tú )分(fèn )疆(jiāng )错(cuò )壤(rǎng )，以(yǐ )弱(ruò )其(qí )势(shì )，则(zé )关(guān )东(dōng )之(zhī )土(tǔ )尚(shàng )可(kě )得(dé )兼(jiān )哉(zāi )？信(xìn )乎(hū )！王(wáng )者(zhě )之(zhī )兴(xìng )固(gù )有(yǒu )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )驱(qū )除(chú )者(zhě )也(yě )。

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