《何博士备论》苻坚论（下）拼音版-注音版本（宋朝·何去非）

荆(jīng )、阳(yáng )虽(suī )居(jū )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )一(yī )隅(yú )，而(ér )有(yǒu )长(zhǎng )淮(huái )大(dà )江(jiāng )之(zhī )阻(zǔ )，其(qí )俗(sú )轻(qīng )易(yì )劲(jìn )悍(hàn )，喜(xǐ )事(shì )争(zhēng )乱(luàn )。自(zì )周(zhōu )之(zhī )微(wēi )，为(wéi )吴(wú )、越(yuè )、楚(chǔ )之(zhī )僭(jiàn )强(qiáng )，常(cháng )以(yǐ )其(qí )兵(bīng )服(fú )役(yì )天(tiān )下(xià )。然(rán )其(qí )为(wéi )形(xíng )势(shì )，非(fēi )图(tú )天(tiān )下(xià )者(zhě )之(zhī )所(suǒ )先(xiān )事(shì )而(ér )必(bì )争(zhēng )。故(gù )后(hòu )世(shì )豪(háo )杰(jié )，多(duō )乘(chéng )中(zhōng )州(zhōu )之(zhī )扰(rǎo )，趋(qū )而(ér )据(jù )之(zhī )。自(zì )其(qí )为(wéi )孙(sūn )氏(shì )之(zhī )吴(wú )，已(yǐ )而(ér )为(wéi )晋(jìn )、宋(sòng )、齐(qí )、梁(liáng )、陈(chén )之(zhī )代(dài )兴(xìng )，虽(suī )不(bú )能(néng )遍(biàn )抚(fǔ )二(èr )州(zhōu )之(zhī )境(jìng )，然(rán )皆(jiē )以(yǐ )帝(dì )号(hào )自(zì )娱(yú )，抗(kàng )衡(héng )北(běi )方(fāng )而(ér )不(bú )为(wéi )下(xià )。自(zì )非(fēi )中(zhōng )州(zhōu )大(dà )定(dìng )，而(ér )其(qí )国(guó )失(shī )政(zhèng )，虽(suī )以(yǐ )重(zhòng )师(shī )临(lín )之(zhī )，鲜(xiān )有(yǒu )得(dé )志(zhì )。故(gù )魏(wèi )武(wǔ )乘(chéng )举(jǔ )荆(jīng )之(zhī )势(shì )，以(yǐ )数(shù )十(shí )万(wàn )之(zhī )众(zhòng )困(kùn )于(yú )乌(wū )林(lín )。魏(wèi )文(wén )继(jì )之(zhī )大(dà )举(jǔ )，独(dú )临(lín )江(jiāng )叹(tàn )息(xī )而(ér )返(fǎn )。苻(fú )坚(jiān )以(yǐ )秦(qín )雍(yōng )百(bǎi )万(wàn )之(zhī )强(qiáng )而(ér )临(lín )淮(huái )淝(féi )，一(yī )战(zhàn )而(ér )溃(kuì )。唯(wéi )其(qí )后(hòu )世(shì )孱(chán )昏(hūn )骄(jiāo )虐(nuè )，上(shàng )下(xià )携(xié )叛(pàn )，而(ér )中(zhōng )州(zhōu )之(zhī )主(zhǔ )为(wéi )伐(fá )罪(zuì )吊(diào )民(mín )之(zhī )师(shī )，则(zé )虽(suī )江(jiāng )淮(huái )之(zhī )阻(zǔ )，亦(yì )无(wú )足(zú )以(yǐ )凭(píng )负(fù )矣(yǐ )。然(rán )而(ér )陈(chén )叔(shū )宝(bǎo )犹(yóu )谓(wèi )周(zhōu )师(shī )之(zhī )众(zhòng )，尝(cháng )退(tuì )败(bài )于(yú )五(wǔ )至(zhì )，而(ér )不(bú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )虞(yú )。是(shì )以(yǐ )晋(jìn )武(wǔ )之(zhī )俘(fú )孙(sūn )皓(hào )，隋(suí )文(wén )之(zhī )俘(fú )叔(shū )宝(bǎo )，皆(jiē )易(yì )于(yú )拾(shí )遗(yí )也(yě )。而(ér )苻(fú )坚(jiān )不(bú )惩(chéng )魏(wèi )人(rén )之(zhī )不(bú )济(jì )，乃(nǎi )欲(yù )申(shēn )其(qí )威(wēi )于(yú )天(tiān )命(mìng )未(wèi )改(gǎi )之(zhī )晋(jìn )，此(cǐ )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )败(bài )也(yě )。虽(suī )然(rán )，自(zì )古(gǔ )边(biān )徼(jiǎo )之(zhī )强(qiáng )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )遂(suí )能(néng )并(bìng )集(jí )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )一(yī )统(tǒng )者(zhě )，此(cǐ )姚(yáo )弋(yì )仲(zhòng )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )重(zhòng )训(xùn )其(qí )子(zǐ )孙(sūn )，使(shǐ )必(bì )无(wú )忘(wàng )于(yú )归(guī )晋(jìn )。而(ér )苻(fú )融(róng )倦(juàn )倦(juàn )致(zhì )戒(jiè )于(yú )坚(jiān )者(zhě )，凡(fán )以(yǐ )此(cǐ )也(yě )。而(ér )坚(jiān )昧(mèi )于(yú )自(zì )度(dù )，常(cháng )以(yǐ )正(zhèng )朔(shuò )不(bú )被(bèi )四(sì )海(hǎi )为(wéi )愧(kuì )，而(ér )锐(ruì )于(yú )东(dōng )南(nán )之(zhī )并(bìng )。违(wéi )忠(zhōng )智(zhì )之(zhī )言(yán )，收(shōu )奸(jiān )幸(xìng )之(zhī )计(jì )，一(yī )举(jǔ )而(ér )大(dà )丧(sàng )其(qí )师(shī )，寇(kòu )仇(chóu )因(yīn )之(zhī )，遂(suí )亡(wáng )其(qí )国(guó )。不(bú )惟(wéi )失(shī )天(tiān )之(zhī )所(suǒ )相(xiàng )，亦(yì )其(qí )自(zì )取(qǔ )之(zhī )速(sù )也(yě )。

始(shǐ )坚(jiān )以(yǐ )豪(háo )壮(zhuàng )之(zhī )资(zī )，奋(fèn )于(yú )俦(chóu )伍(wǔ )，获(huò )王(wáng )猛(měng )之(zhī )材(cái )，以(yǐ )辅(fǔ )成(chéng )其(qí )志(zhì )业(yè )。遂(suí )能(néng )自(zì )三(sān )秦(qín )之(zhī )强(qiáng )，平(píng )殄(tiǎn )燕(yàn )代(dài )，吞(tūn )灭(miè )梁(liáng )、蜀(shǔ )九(jiǔ )州(zhōu )之(zhī )壤(rǎng )而(ér )制(zhì )其(qí )七(qī )，可(kě )谓(wèi )盛(shèng )矣(yǐ )。然(rán )而(ér )东(dōng )晋(jìn )虽(suī )微(wēi )，众(zhòng )材(cái )任(rèn )事(shì )，主(zhǔ )无(wú )失(shī )德(dé )。而(ér )坚(jiān )乃(nǎi )咈(fú )众(zhòng )图(tú )之(zhī )，其(qí )廷(tíng )臣(chén )戚(qī )属(shǔ )相(xiàng )与(yǔ )力(lì )争(zhēng )，而(ér )不(bú )得(dé )也(yě )。独(dú )慕(mù )容(róng )垂(chuí )以(yǐ )失(shī )国(guó )之(zhī )仇(chóu )，欲(yù )以(yǐ )其(qí )祸(huò )中(zhōng )之(zhī )，求(qiú )乘(chéng )其(qí )弊(bì )而(ér )复(fù )燕(yàn )祀(sì )，乃(nǎi )力(lì )赞(zàn )其(qí )起(qǐ )。坚(jiān )甚(shèn )悦(yuè )而(ér )不(bú )疑(yí )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )独(dú )与(yǔ )己(jǐ )合(hé )。遂(suí )空(kōng )国(guó )大(dà )举(jǔ )，而(ér )偾(fèn )于(yú )一(yī )战(zhàn )；返(fǎn )未(wèi )及(jí )境(jìng )，而(ér )鲜(xiān )卑(bēi )、叛(pàn )羌(qiāng )共(gòng )起(qǐ )而(ér )乘(chéng )之(zhī )，身(shēn )为(wéi )俘(fú )虏(lǔ )，遂(suí )亡(wáng )其(qí )国(guó )。呜(wū )呼(hū )！可(kě )不(bú )谓(wèi )其(qí )非(fēi )昏(hūn )悖(bèi )欤(yú )？夫(fū )昔(xī )之(zhī )智(zhì )者(zhě )，多(duō )能(néng )中(zhōng )人(rén )以(yǐ )祸(huò )，使(shǐ )之(zhī )悦(yuè )赴(fù )而(ér )不(bú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )疑(yí )；而(ér )昧(mèi )者(zhě )，常(cháng )安(ān )投(tóu )其(qí )祸(huò )，虽(suī )死(sǐ )而(ér )不(bú )悟(wù )。汉(hàn )世(shì )祖(zǔ )方(fāng )安(ān )集(jí )河(hé )北(běi )，更(gèng )始(shǐ )之(zhī )将(jiāng )谢(xiè )躬(gōng )，以(yǐ )兵(bīng )数(shù )万(wàn )来(lái )屯(tún )于(yú )邺(yè )。光(guāng )武(wǔ )忌(jì )之(zhī )，乃(nǎi )好(hǎo )谓(wèi )之(zhī )曰(yuē )：“吾(wú )行(háng )击(jī )青(qīng )犊(dú )必(bì )破(pò )，而(ér )尤(yóu )来(lái )在(zài )山(shān )阳(yáng )者(zhě )，势(shì )当(dāng )溃(kuì )走(zǒu )。若(ruò )以(yǐ )君(jūn )之(zhī )威(wēi )力(lì )击(jī )之(zhī )，则(zé )成(chéng )擒(qín )耳(ěr )。”躬(gōng )善(shàn )其(qí )言(yán )，遂(suí )以(yǐ )其(qí )兵(bīng )去(qù )邺(yè )而(ér )趋(qū )尤(yóu )来(lái )。世(shì )祖(zǔ )即(jí )命(mìng )吴(wú )汉(hàn )袭(xí )夺(duó )其(qí )城(chéng )，躬(gōng )败(bài )还(hái )邺(yè )，而(ér )汉(hàn )杀(shā )之(zhī )。孙(sūn )策(cè )之(zhī )渡(dù )江(jiāng )也(yě )，庐(lú )江(jiāng )太(tài )守(shǒu )刘(liú )勋(xūn )新(xīn )得(dé )袁(yuán )术(shù )之(zhī )众(zhòng )而(ér )贰(èr )于(yú )策(cè )，策(cè )深(shēn )恶(è )之(zhī )。时(shí )预(yù )章(zhāng )、上(shàng )缭(liáo )宗(zōng )民(mín )万(wàn )家(jiā )保(bǎo )于(yú )江(jiāng )东(dōng )，策(cè )语(yǔ )勋(xūn )曰(yuē )：“上(shàng )缭(liáo )，吾(wú )之(zhī )疾(jí )也(yě )，然(rán )欲(yù )取(qǔ )之(zhī )而(ér )路(lù )非(fēi )便(biàn )，以(yǐ )公(gōng )之(zhī )威(wēi )临(lín )之(zhī )，无(wú )不(bú )克(kè )也(yě )。”勋(xūn )信(xìn )之(zhī )而(ér )行(háng )。策(cè )遂(suí )以(yǐ )其(qí )轻(qīng )锐(ruì )袭(xí )拔(bá )庐(lú )江(jiāng )，而(ér )尽(jìn )降(jiàng )刘(liú )勋(xūn )之(zhī )众(zhòng )。此(cǐ )慕(mù )容(róng )垂(chuí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )用(yòng )之(zhī )弊(bì )秦(qín )，而(ér )复(fù )燕(yàn )祀(sì )于(yú )既(jì )亡(wáng )也(yě )。夫(fū )与(yǔ )人(rén )为(wéi )敌(dí )，乃(nǎi )受(shòu )其(qí )甘(gān )言(yán )而(ér )从(cóng )其(qí )所(suǒ )役(yì )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )不(bú )堕(duò )其(qí )画(huà )中(zhōng )者(zhě )也(yě )。法(fǎ )曰(yuē )：“智(zhì )者(zhě )之(zhī )虑(lǜ )，必(bì )杂(zá )于(yú )利(lì )害(hài )。”传(chuán )曰(yuē )：“成(chéng )败(bài )之(zhī )机(jī )，在(zài )于(yú )善(shàn )察(chá )人(rén )之(zhī )言(yán )。”坚(jiān )于(yú )垂(chuí )之(zhī )言(yán )也(yě )，虑(lǜ )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )利(lì )，而(ér )不(bú )虑(lǜ )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )害(hài )。一(yī )失(shī )其(qí )机(jī )于(yú )无(wú )以(yǐ )察(chá )人(rén )之(zhī )言(yán )，而(ér )遂(suí )至(zhì )于(yú )丧(sàng )败(bài )。人(rén )之(zhī )于(yú )虑(lǜ )察(chá )也(yě )，可(kě )得(dé )而(ér )忽(hū )哉(zāi )？嗟(jiē )夫(fū )！以(yǐ )坚(jiān )之(zhī )晚(wǎn )而(ér )昏(hūn )悖(bèi )自(zì )用(yòng )，虽(suī )景(jǐng )略(luè )尚(shàng )在(zài )，固(gù )将(jiāng )不(bú )用(yòng )其(qí )言(yán )，而(ér )亦(yì )无(wú )以(yǐ )救(jiù )秦(qín )之(zhī )亡(wáng )矣(yǐ )。

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《苻坚论（下）》简体版