《何博士备论》秦论拼音版-注音版本（宋朝·何去非）

兵(bīng )，有(yǒu )攻(gōng )有(yǒu )守(shǒu )，善(shàn )为(wéi )兵(bīng )者(zhě )必(bì )知(zhī )夫(fū )攻(gōng )守(shǒu )之(zhī )所(suǒ )宜(yí )。故(gù )以(yǐ )攻(gōng )则(zé )克(kè )，以(yǐ )守(shǒu )则(zé )固(gù )。当(dāng )攻(gōng )而(ér )守(shǒu )，当(dāng )守(shǒu )而(ér )攻(gōng )，均(jūn )败(bài )之(zhī )道(dào )也(yě )。方(fāng )天(tiān )下(xià )交(jiāo )臂(bì )相(xiàng )与(yǔ )而(ér )事(shì )秦(qín )之(zhī )强(qiáng )也(yě )，秦(qín )人(rén )出(chū )甲(jiǎ )以(yǐ )攻(gōng )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )，盖(gài )将(jiāng )取(qǔ )之(zhī )也(yě )。图(tú )攻(gōng )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )人(rén )之(zhī )国(guó )者(zhě )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )兼(jiān )敌(dí )之(zhī )师(shī )也(yě )。及(jí )天(tiān )下(xià )攘(rǎng )袂(mèi )相(xiàng )率(lǜ )而(ér )叛(pàn )秦(qín )之(zhī )乱(luàn )也(yě )，秦(qín )人(rén )合(hé )卒(zú )以(yǐ )拒(jù )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )，盖(gài )将(jiāng )郄(qiè )人(rén )之(zhī )也(yě )。图(tú )拒(jù )以(yǐ )郄(qiè )人(rén )之(zhī )兵(bīng )者(zhě )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )救(jiù )败(bài )之(zhī )师(shī )也(yě )。兼(jiān )敌(dí )之(zhī )师(shī )利(lì )于(yú )转(zhuǎn )战(zhàn )，救(jiù )败(bài )之(zhī )师(shī )利(lì )于(yú )固(gù )守(shǒu )，兵(bīng )之(zhī )常(cháng )势(shì )也(yě )。

秦(qín )人(rén )据(jù )崤(xiáo )、函(hán )之(zhī )阻(zǔ )以(yǐ )临(lín )山(shān )东(dōng )，自(zì )缪(miù )公(gōng )以(yǐ )来(lái )常(cháng )雄(xióng )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )，卒(zú )至(zhì )于(yú )并(bìng )天(tiān )下(xià )而(ér )王(wáng )之(zhī )，岂(qǐ )其(qí )君(jūn )世(shì )贤(xián )耶(yē )？亦(yì )以(yǐ )得(dé )乎(hū )形(xíng )便(biàn )之(zhī )居(jū )故(gù )也(yě )。二(èr )世(shì )之(zhī )乱(luàn )，天(tiān )下(xià )相(xiàng )与(yǔ )起(qǐ )而(ér )亡(wáng )秦(qín )，不(bú )三(sān )岁(suì )而(ér )为(wéi )墟(xū )。以(yǐ )二(èr )世(shì )之(zhī )不(bú )道(dào )，顾(gù )秦(qín )亦(yì )足(zú )以(yǐ )亡(wáng )。然(rán )而(ér )，使(shǐ )其(qí )知(zhī )捐(juān )背(bèi )叛(pàn )之(zhī )山(shān )东(dōng )，严(yán )兵(bīng )拒(jù )关(guān )为(wéi )自(zì )救(jiù )之(zhī )计(jì )，虽(suī )以(yǐ )无(wú )道(dào )行(háng )之(zhī )，而(ér )山(shān )西(xī )千(qiān )里(lǐ )之(zhī )区(qū )犹(yóu )可(kě )岁(suì )月(yuè )保(bǎo )也(yě )。不(bú )知(zhī )虑(lǜ )此(cǐ )，乃(nǎi )空(kōng )国(guó )之(zhī )师(shī )以(yǐ )属(shǔ )章(zhāng )邯(hán )、李(lǐ )由(yóu )之(zhī )徒(tú )，越(yuè )关(guān )千(qiān )里(lǐ )以(yǐ )搏(bó )寇(kòu )，而(ér )为(wéi )乡(xiāng )日(rì )堂(táng )堂(táng )兼(jiān )敌(dí )之(zhī )师(shī )，亦(yì )已(yǐ )悖(bèi )矣(yǐ )。方(fāng )陈(chén )胜(shèng )之(zhī )首(shǒu )事(shì )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )豪(háo )杰(jié )争(zhēng )西(xī )向(xiàng )而(ér )诛(zhū )秦(qín )也(yě )。盖(gài )振(zhèn )臂(bì )一(yī )呼(hū )而(ér )带(dài )甲(jiǎ )者(zhě )百(bǎi )万(wàn )，举(jǔ )麾(huī )一(yī )号(hào )而(ér )下(xià )城(chéng )者(zhě )数(shù )十(shí )。又(yòu )类(lèi )皆(jiē )山(shān )林(lín )倔(juè )起(qǐ )之(zhī )匹(pǐ )夫(fū )，其(qí )存(cún )亡(wáng )胜(shèng )败(bài )之(zhī )机(jī )取(qǔ )决(jué )于(yú )一(yī )战(zhàn )，其(qí )锋(fēng )至(zhì )锐(ruì )也(yě )。而(ér )章(zhāng )邯(hán )之(zhī )徒(tú )不(bú )知(zhī )固(gù )守(shǒu )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )老(lǎo )其(qí )师(shī )，乃(nǎi )提(tí )孤(gū )军(jūn )、弃(qì )大(dà )险(xiǎn )，渡(dù )漳(zhāng )逾(yú )洛(luò )、左(zuǒ )驰(chí )右(yòu )鹜(wù )，以(yǐ )撄(yīng )其(qí )四(sì )合(hé )之(zhī )锋(fēng )，卒(zú )至(zhì )于(yú )败(bài )。而(ér )沛(pèi )公(gōng )之(zhī )众(zhòng )，扬(yáng )袖(xiù )而(ér )下(xià )控(kòng )函(hán )关(guān )。虽(suī )二(èr )世(shì )之(zhī )乱(luàn )足(zú )以(yǐ )覆(fù )宗(zōng )，天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )势(shì )足(zú )以(yǐ )夷(yí )秦(qín )，而(ér )其(qí )亡(wáng )遂(suí )至(zhì )于(yú )如(rú )此(cǐ )之(zhī )亟(jí )者(zhě )，用(yòng )兵(bīng )之(zhī )罪(zuì )也(yě )。夫(fū )秦(qín )役(yì )其(qí )民(mín )以(yǐ )从(cóng )事(shì )于(yú )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )日(rì )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )。而(ér )其(qí )民(mín )被(bèi )二(èr )世(shì )之(zhī )毒(dú )未(wèi )深(shēn )，其(qí )勇(yǒng )于(yú )公(gōng )斗(dòu )、乐(lè )于(yú )卫(wèi )上(shàng )之(zhī )风(fēng )声(shēng )气(qì )俗(sú )犹(yóu )在(zài )也(yě )。而(ér )章(zhāng )邯(hán )之(zhī )为(wéi )兵(bīng )也(yě )，以(yǐ )攻(gōng )则(zé )不(bú )足(zú )，以(yǐ )守(shǒu )则(zé )有(yǒu )余(yú )。周(zhōu )文(wén )常(cháng )率(lǜ )百(bǎi )万(wàn )之(zhī )师(shī )傅(fù )于(yú )城(chéng )下(xià )矣(yǐ )，章(zhāng )邯(hán )三(sān )击(jī )而(ér )三(sān )走(zǒu )之(zhī )，卒(zú )杀(shā )周(zhōu )文(wén )。使(shǐ )其(qí )不(bú )遂(suí )纵(zòng )以(yǐ )搏(bó )敌(dí )，而(ér )坐(zuò )关(guān )固(gù )守(shǒu )为(wéi )救(jiù )败(bài )之(zhī )师(shī )，关(guān )东(dōng )之(zhī )土(tǔ )虽(suī )已(yǐ )分(fèn )裂(liè )，而(ér )全(quán )秦(qín )未(wèi )溃(kuì )也(yě )。

或(huò )曰(yuē )：七(qī )国(guó )之(zhī )反(fǎn )汉(hàn )也(yě )，议(yì )者(zhě )得(dé )罪(zuì )于(yú )吴(wú )、楚(chǔ )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )不(bú )知(zhī )杜(dù )成(chéng )皋(gāo )之(zhī )口(kǒu )，而(ér )汉(hàn )将(jiāng )一(yī )日(rì )过(guò )成(chéng )皋(gāo )者(zhě )数(shù )十(shí )辈(bèi )，遂(suí )至(zhì )于(yú )败(bài )亡(wáng )。今(jīn )豪(háo )杰(jié )之(zhī )叛(pàn )秦(qín )，而(ér )罪(zuì )二(èr )世(shì )之(zhī )越(yuè )关(guān )转(zhuǎn )战(zhàn )何(hé )也(yě )？嗟(jiē )夫(fū )！务(wù )论(lùn )兵(bīng )者(zhě )，不(bú )论(lùn )其(qí )逆(nì )顺(shùn )之(zhī )情(qíng )与(yǔ )夫(fū )利(lì )害(hài )之(zhī )势(shì )，则(zé )为(wéi )兵(bīng )亦(yì )疏(shū )矣(yǐ )。夫(fū )秦(qín )有(yǒu )可(kě )亡(wáng )之(zhī )形(xíng )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )众(zhòng )亦(yì )锐(ruì )于(yú )亡(wáng )秦(qín )，是(shì )以(yǐ )豪(háo )杰(jié )之(zhī )起(qǐ )者(zhě )因(yīn )民(mín )志(zhì )也(yě )，关(guān )东(dōng )非(fēi )为(wéi )秦(qín )役(yì )矣(yǐ )。汉(hàn )无(wú )可(kě )叛(pàn )之(zhī )衅(xìn )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )民(mín )无(wú )志(zhì )于(yú )负(fù )汉(hàn )，则(zé )七(qī )国(guó )之(zhī )起(qǐ )非(fēi )民(mín )志(zhì )矣(yǐ )，天(tiān )下(xià )皆(jiē )为(wéi )汉(hàn )役(yì )者(zhě )也(yě )。以(yǐ )不(bú )为(wéi )秦(qín )役(yì )之(zhī )关(guān )东(dōng )，则(zé )二(èr )世(shì )安(ān )得(dé )即(jí )其(qí )地(dì )而(ér )疾(jí )战(zhàn )其(qí )民(mín )；以(yǐ )方(fāng )为(wéi )汉(hàn )役(yì )之(zhī )天(tiān )下(xià )，则(zé )汉(hàn )安(ān )得(dé )不(bú )趋(qū )其(qí )地(dì )而(ér )疾(jí )诛(zhū )其(qí )君(jūn )。此(cǐ )战(zhàn )守(shǒu )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )异(yì )术(shù )也(yě )。昔(xī )者(zhě )贾(jiǎ )谊(yì )、司(sī )马(mǎ )迁(qiān )皆(jiē )谓(wèi )：使(shǐ )子(zǐ )婴(yīng )有(yǒu )庸(yōng )主(zhǔ )之(zhī )材(cái )，仅(jǐn )得(dé )中(zhōng )佐(zuǒ )，则(zé )山(shān )西(xī )之(zhī )地(dì )可(kě )全(quán )。而(ér )有(yǒu )卒(zú )取(qǔ )失(shī )言(yán )之(zhī )讥(jī )于(yú )后(hòu )世(shì )。彼(bǐ )二(èr )子(zǐ )者(zhě )，固(gù )非(fēi )愚(yú )于(yú )事(shì )机(jī )者(zhě )也(yě )，亦(yì )惜(xī )夫(fū )秦(qín )有(yǒu )可(kě )全(quán )之(zhī )势(shì )耳(ěr )。虽(suī )然(rán )，彼(bǐ )徒(tú )知(zhī )秦(qín )有(yǒu )可(kě )全(quán )之(zhī )势(shì )，而(ér )不(bú )知(zhī )至(zhì )于(yú )子(zǐ )婴(yīng )而(ér )秦(qín )之(zhī )事(shì )去(qù )矣(yǐ )，虽(suī )有(yǒu )太(tài )公(gōng )之(zhī )佐(zuǒ )，其(qí )如(rú )秦(qín )何(hé )哉(zāi )？

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