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臣(chén )下(xià )对(duì )君(jūn )主(zhǔ )的(de )称(chēng )呼(hū )。

《韩(hán )非(fēi )子(zǐ )·孤(gū )愤(fèn )》：“主(zhǔ )上(shàng )卑(bēi )而(ér )大(dà )臣(chén )重(zhòng )，故(gù )主(zhǔ )失(shī )势(shì )而(ér )臣(chén )得(dé )国(guó )。”

汉(hàn )司(sī )马(mǎ )迁(qiān )《报(bào )任(rèn )少(shǎo )卿(qīng )书(shū )》：“后(hòu )数(shù )日(rì )，陵(líng )败(bài )书(shū )闻(wén )，主(zhǔ )上(shàng )为(wéi )之(zhī )食(shí )不(bú )甘(gān )味(wèi )，听(tīng )朝(cháo )不(bú )怡(yí )。”

清(qīng )侯(hóu )方(fāng )域(yù )《朋(péng )党(dǎng )论(lùn )上(shàng )》：“夫(fū )主(zhǔ )上(shàng )居(jū )深(shēn )宫(gōng )之(zhī )中(zhōng )，与(yǔ )臣(chén )庶(shù )隔(gé )绝(jué )。常(cháng )恐(kǒng )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )欺(qī )己(jǐ )，而(ér )密(mì )以(yǐ )为(wéi )防(fáng )。”

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