作者:明朝·方孝孺 ┋ 阅读:2057

士(shì )君(jūn )子(zǐ )立(lì )身(shēn )事(shì )主(zhǔ )，既(jì )名(míng )知(zhī )己(jǐ )，则(zé )当(dāng )竭(jié )尽(jìn )智(zhì )谋(móu )，忠(zhōng )告(gào )善(shàn )道(dào )，销(xiāo )患(huàn )于(yú )未(wèi )形(xíng )，保(bǎo )治(zhì )于(yú )未(wèi )然(rán )，俾(bǐ )身(shēn )全(quán )而(ér )主(zhǔ )安(ān )。生(shēng )为(wéi )名(míng )臣(chén )，死(sǐ )为(wéi )上(shàng )鬼(guǐ )，垂(chuí )光(guāng )百(bǎi )世(shì )，照(zhào )耀(yào )简(jiǎn )策(cè )，斯(sī )为(wéi )美(měi )也(yě )。苟(gǒu )遇(yù )知(zhī )己(jǐ )，不(bú )能(néng )扶(fú )危(wēi )为(wéi )未(wèi )乱(luàn )之(zhī )先(xiān )，而(ér )乃(nǎi )捐(juān )躯(qū )殒(yǔn )命(mìng )于(yú )既(jì )败(bài )之(zhī )后(hòu )；钓(diào )名(míng )沽(gū )誉(yù )，眩(xuàn )世(shì )骇(hài )俗(sú )，由(yóu )君(jūn )子(zǐ )观(guān )之(zhī )，皆(jiē )所(suǒ )不(bú )取(qǔ )也(yě )。

盖(gài )尝(cháng )因(yīn )而(ér )论(lùn )之(zhī )：豫(yù )让(ràng )臣(chén )事(shì )智(zhì )伯(bó )，及(jí )赵(zhào )襄(xiāng )子(zǐ )杀(shā )智(zhì )伯(bó )，让(ràng )为(wéi )之(zhī )报(bào )仇(chóu )。声(shēng )名(míng )烈(liè )烈(liè )，虽(suī )愚(yú )夫(fū )愚(yú )妇(fù )莫(mò )不(bú )知(zhī )其(qí )为(wéi )忠(zhōng )臣(chén )义(yì )士(shì )也(yě )。呜(wū )呼(hū )！让(ràng )之(zhī )死(sǐ )固(gù )忠(zhōng )矣(yǐ )，惜(xī )乎(hū )处(chù )死(sǐ )之(zhī )道(dào )有(yǒu )未(wèi )忠(zhōng )者(zhě )存(cún )焉(yān )——何(hé )也(yě )？观(guān )其(qí )漆(qī )身(shēn )吞(tūn )炭(tàn )，谓(wèi )其(qí )友(yǒu )曰(yuē )：“凡(fán )吾(wú )所(suǒ )为(wéi )者(zhě )极(jí )难(nán )，将(jiāng )以(yǐ )愧(kuì )天(tiān )下(xià )后(hòu )世(shì )之(zhī )为(wéi )人(rén )臣(chén )而(ér )怀(huái )二(èr )心(xīn )者(zhě )也(yě )。”谓(wèi )非(fēi )忠(zhōng )可(kě )乎(hū )？及(jí )观(guān )其(qí )斩(zhǎn )衣(yī )三(sān )跃(yuè )，襄(xiāng )子(zǐ )责(zé )以(yǐ )不(bú )死(sǐ )于(yú )中(zhōng )行(háng )氏(shì )，而(ér )独(dú )死(sǐ )于(yú )智(zhì )伯(bó )。让(ràng )应(yīng )曰(yuē )：“中(zhōng )行(háng )氏(shì )以(yǐ )众(zhòng )人(rén )待(dài )我(wǒ )，我(wǒ )故(gù )以(yǐ )众(zhòng )人(rén )报(bào )之(zhī )；智(zhì )伯(bó )以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )待(dài )我(wǒ )，我(wǒ )故(gù )以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )报(bào )之(zhī )。”即(jí )此(cǐ )而(ér )论(lùn )，让(ràng )馀(yú )徐(xú )憾(hàn )矣(yǐ )。

段(duàn )规(guī )之(zhī )事(shì )韩(hán )康(kāng )，任(rèn )章(zhāng )之(zhī )事(shì )魏(wèi )献(xiàn )，未(wèi )闻(wén )以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )待(dài )之(zhī )也(yě )；而(ér )规(guī )也(yě )章(zhāng )也(yě )，力(lì )劝(quàn )其(qí )主(zhǔ )从(cóng )智(zhì )伯(bó )之(zhī )请(qǐng )，与(yǔ )之(zhī )地(dì )以(yǐ )骄(jiāo )其(qí )志(zhì )，而(ér )速(sù )其(qí )亡(wáng )也(yě ) 。郄(qiè )疵(cī )之(zhī )事(shì )智(zhì )伯(bó )，亦(yì )未(wèi )尝(cháng )以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )待(dài )之(zhī )也(yě )；而(ér )疵(cī )能(néng )察(chá )韩(hán )、魏(wèi )之(zhī )情(qíng )以(yǐ )谏(jiàn )智(zhì )伯(bó )。虽(suī )不(bú )用(yòng )其(qí )言(yán )以(yǐ )至(zhì )灭(miè )亡(wáng )，而(ér )疵(cī )之(zhī )智(zhì )谋(móu )忠(zhōng )告(gào )，已(yǐ )无(wú )愧(kuì )于(yú )心(xīn )也(yě )。让(ràng )既(jì )自(zì )谓(wèi )智(zhì )伯(bó )待(dài )以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )矣(yǐ )，国(guó )士(shì )——济(jì )国(guó )之(zhī )上(shàng )也(yě )。当(dāng )伯(bó )请(qǐng )地(dì )无(wú )厌(yàn )之(zhī )日(rì )，纵(zòng )欲(yù )荒(huāng )暴(bào )之(zhī )时(shí )，为(wéi )让(ràng )者(zhě )正(zhèng )宜(yí )陈(chén )力(lì )就(jiù )列(liè )，谆(zhūn )谆(zhūn )然(rán )而(ér )告(gào )之(zhī )日(rì )：“诸(zhū )侯(hóu )大(dà )夫(fū )各(gè )安(ān )分(fèn )地(dì )，无(wú )相(xiàng )侵(qīn )夺(duó )，古(gǔ )之(zhī )制(zhì )也(yě )。今(jīn )无(wú )故(gù )而(ér )取(qǔ )地(dì )于(yú )人(rén )，人(rén )不(bú )与(yǔ )，而(ér )吾(wú )之(zhī )忿(fèn )心(xīn )必(bì )生(shēng )；与(yǔ )之(zhī )，则(zé )吾(wú )之(zhī )骄(jiāo )心(xīn )以(yǐ )起(qǐ )。忿(fèn )必(bì )争(zhēng )，争(zhēng )必(bì )败(bài )；骄(jiāo )必(bì )傲(ào )，傲(ào )必(bì )亡(wáng )”。谆(zhūn )切(qiē )恳(kěn )至(zhì )，谏(jiàn )不(bú )从(cóng )，再(zài )谏(jiàn )之(zhī )，再(zài )谏(jiàn )不(bú )从(cóng )，三(sān )谏(jiàn )之(zhī )。三(sān )谏(jiàn )不(bú )从(cóng )，移(yí )其(qí )伏(fú )剑(jiàn )之(zhī )死(sǐ )，死(sǐ )于(yú )是(shì )日(rì )。伯(bó )虽(suī )顽(wán )冥(míng )不(bú )灵(líng )，感(gǎn )其(qí )至(zhì )诚(chéng )，庶(shù )几(jǐ )复(fù )悟(wù )。和(hé )韩(hán )、魏(wèi )，释(shì )赵(zhào )围(wéi )，保(bǎo )全(quán )智(zhì )宗(zōng )，守(shǒu )其(qí )祭(jì )祀(sì )。若(ruò )然(rán )，则(zé )让(ràng )虽(suī )死(sǐ )犹(yóu )生(shēng )也(yě )，岂(qǐ )不(bú )胜(shèng )于(yú )斩(zhǎn )衣(yī )而(ér )死(sǐ )乎(hū )？

让(ràng )于(yú )此(cǐ )时(shí )，曾(céng )无(wú )一(yī )语(yǔ )开(kāi )悟(wù )主(zhǔ )心(xīn )，视(shì )伯(bó )之(zhī )危(wēi )亡(wáng )，犹(yóu )越(yuè )人(rén )视(shì )秦(qín )人(rén )之(zhī )肥(féi )瘠(jí )也(yě )。袖(xiù )手(shǒu )旁(páng )观(guān )，坐(zuò )待(dài )成(chéng )败(bài )，国(guó )士(shì )之(zhī )报(bào )，曾(céng )若(ruò )是(shì )乎(hū )？智(zhì )伯(bó )既(jì )死(sǐ )，而(ér )乃(nǎi )不(bú )胜(shèng )血(xuè )气(qì )之(zhī )悻(xìng )悻(xìng )，甘(gān )自(zì )附(fù )于(yú )刺(cì )客(kè )之(zhī )流(liú )。何(hé )足(zú )道(dào )哉(zāi )，何(hé )足(zú )道(dào )哉(zāi )！虽(suī )然(rán )，以(yǐ )国(guó )士(shì )而(ér )论(lùn )，豫(yù )让(ràng )固(gù )不(bú )足(zú )以(yǐ )当(dāng )矣(yǐ )；彼(bǐ )朝(cháo )为(wéi )仇(chóu )敌(dí )，暮(mù )为(wéi )君(jūn )臣(chén )，腆(tiǎn )然(rán )而(ér )自(zì )得(dé )者(zhě )，又(yòu )让(ràng )之(zhī )罪(zuì )人(rén )也(yě )。噫(yī )！

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