作者:明朝·王守仁 ┋ 阅读:2097

灵(líng )、博(bó )之(zhī )山(shān )，有(yǒu )象(xiàng )祠(cí )焉(yān )。其(qí )下(xià )诸(zhū )苗(miáo )夷(yí )之(zhī )居(jū )者(zhě )，咸(xián )神(shén )而(ér )祠(cí )之(zhī )。宣(xuān )慰(wèi )安(ān )君(jūn )，因(yīn )诸(zhū )苗(miáo )夷(yí )之(zhī )请(qǐng )，新(xīn )其(qí )祠(cí )屋(wū )，而(ér )请(qǐng )记(jì )于(yú )予(yǔ )。予(yǔ )曰(yuē )：“毁(huǐ )之(zhī )乎(hū )，其(qí )新(xīn )之(zhī )也(yě )？”曰(yuē )：“新(xīn )之(zhī )。”“新(xīn )之(zhī )也(yě )，何(hé )居(jū )乎(hū )？”曰(yuē )：“斯(sī )祠(cí )之(zhī )肇(zhào )也(yě )，盖(gài )莫(mò )知(zhī )其(qí )原(yuán )。然(rán )吾(wú )诸(zhū )蛮(mán )夷(yí )之(zhī )居(jū )是(shì )者(zhě )，自(zì )吾(wú )父(fù )、吾(wú )祖(zǔ )溯(sù )曾(céng )高(gāo )而(ér )上(shàng )，皆(jiē )尊(zūn )奉(fèng )而(ér )禋(yīn )祀(sì )焉(yān )，举(jǔ )而(ér )不(bú )敢(gǎn )废(fèi )也(yě )。”予(yǔ )曰(yuē )：“胡(hú )然(rán )乎(hū )？有(yǒu )鼻(bí )之(zhī )祀(sì )，唐(táng )之(zhī )人(rén )盖(gài )尝(cháng )毁(huǐ )之(zhī )。象(xiàng )之(zhī )道(dào )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )子(zǐ )则(zé )不(bú )孝(xiào )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )弟(dì )则(zé )傲(ào )。斥(chì )于(yú )唐(táng )，而(ér )犹(yóu )存(cún )于(yú )今(jīn )；坏(huài )于(yú )有(yǒu )鼻(bí )，而(ér )犹(yóu )盛(shèng )于(yú )兹(zī )土(tǔ )也(yě )，胡(hú )然(rán )乎(hū )？”

我(wǒ )知(zhī )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )：君(jūn )子(zǐ )之(zhī )爱(ài )若(ruò )人(rén )也(yě )，推(tuī )及(jí )于(yú )其(qí )屋(wū )之(zhī )乌(wū )，而(ér )况(kuàng )于(yú )圣(shèng )人(rén )之(zhī )弟(dì )乎(hū )哉(zāi )？然(rán )则(zé )祀(sì )者(zhě )为(wéi )舜(shùn )，非(fēi )为(wéi )象(xiàng )也(yě )。意(yì )象(xiàng )之(zhī )死(sǐ )，其(qí )在(zài )干(gàn )羽(yǔ )既(jì )格(gé )之(zhī )后(hòu )乎(hū )？不(bú )然(rán )，古(gǔ )之(zhī )骜(ào )桀(jié )者(zhě )岂(qǐ )少(shǎo )哉(zāi )？而(ér )象(xiàng )之(zhī )祠(cí )独(dú )延(yán )于(yú )世(shì )，吾(wú )于(yú )是(shì )盖(gài )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )见(jiàn )舜(shùn )德(dé )之(zhī )至(zhì )，入(rù )人(rén )之(zhī )深(shēn )，而(ér )流(liú )泽(zé )之(zhī )远(yuǎn )且(qiě )久(jiǔ )也(yě )。

象(xiàng )之(zhī )不(bú )仁(rén )，盖(gài )其(qí )始(shǐ )焉(yān )耳(ěr )，又(yòu )乌(wū )知(zhī )其(qí )终(zhōng )之(zhī )不(bú )见(jiàn )化(huà )于(yú )舜(shùn )也(yě )？《书(shū )》不(bú )云(yún )乎(hū )：“克(kè )谐(xié )以(yǐ )孝(xiào )，烝(zhēng )烝(zhēng )乂(ài )，不(bú )格(gé )奸(jiān )。” 瞽(gǔ )瞍(sǒu )亦(yì )允(yǔn )若(ruò )，则(zé )已(yǐ )化(huà )而(ér )为(wéi )慈(cí )父(fù )。象(xiàng )犹(yóu )不(bú )弟(dì )，不(bú )可(kě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )谐(xié )。进(jìn )治(zhì )于(yú )善(shàn )，则(zé )不(bú )至(zhì )于(yú )恶(è )；不(bú )抵(dǐ )于(yú )奸(jiān )，则(zé )必(bì )入(rù )于(yú )善(shàn )。信(xìn )乎(hū )，象(xiàng )盖(gài )已(yǐ )化(huà )于(yú )舜(shùn )矣(yǐ )！《孟(mèng )子(zǐ )》曰(yuē )：“天(tiān )子(zǐ )使(shǐ )吏(lì )治(zhì )其(qí )国(guó )，象(xiàng )不(bú )得(dé )以(yǐ )有(yǒu )为(wéi )也(yě )。”斯(sī )盖(gài )舜(shùn )爱(ài )象(xiàng )之(zhī )深(shēn )而(ér )虑(lǜ )之(zhī )详(xiáng )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )扶(fú )持(chí )辅(fǔ )导(dǎo )之(zhī )者(zhě )之(zhī )周(zhōu )也(yě )。不(bú )然(rán )，周(zhōu )公(gōng )之(zhī )圣(shèng )，而(ér )管(guǎn )、蔡(cài )不(bú )免(miǎn )焉(yān )。斯(sī )可(kě )以(yǐ )见(jiàn )象(xiàng )之(zhī )既(jì )化(huà )于(yú )舜(shùn )，故(gù )能(néng )任(rèn )贤(xián )使(shǐ )能(néng )而(ér )安(ān )于(yú )其(qí )位(wèi )，泽(zé )加(jiā )于(yú )其(qí )民(mín )，既(jì )死(sǐ )而(ér )人(rén )怀(huái )之(zhī )也(yě )。诸(zhū )侯(hóu )之(zhī )卿(qīng )，命(mìng )于(yú )天(tiān )子(zǐ )，盖(gài )《周(zhōu )官(guān )》之(zhī )制(zhì )，其(qí )殆(dài )仿(fǎng )于(yú )舜(shùn )之(zhī )封(fēng )象(xiàng )欤(yú )？

吾(wú )于(yú )是(shì )盖(gài )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )信(xìn )人(rén )性(xìng )之(zhī )善(shàn )，天(tiān )下(xià )无(wú )不(bú )可(kě )化(huà )之(zhī )人(rén )也(yě )。然(rán )则(zé )唐(táng )人(rén )之(zhī )毁(huǐ )之(zhī )也(yě )，据(jù )象(xiàng )之(zhī )始(shǐ )也(yě )；今(jīn )之(zhī )诸(zhū )夷(yí )之(zhī )奉(fèng )之(zhī )也(yě )，承(chéng )象(xiàng )之(zhī )终(zhōng )也(yě )。斯(sī )义(yì )也(yě )，吾(wú )将(jiāng )以(yǐ )表(biǎo )于(yú )世(shì )，使(shǐ )知(zhī )人(rén )之(zhī )不(bú )善(shàn )，虽(suī )若(ruò )象(xiàng )焉(yān )，犹(yóu )可(kě )以(yǐ )改(gǎi )；而(ér )君(jūn )子(zǐ )之(zhī )修(xiū )德(dé )，及(jí )其(qí )至(zhì )也(yě )，虽(suī )若(ruò )象(xiàng )之(zhī )不(bú )仁(rén )，而(ér )犹(yóu )可(kě )以(yǐ )化(huà )之(zhī )也(yě )。”

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