作者:明朝·宋濂 ┋ 阅读:16331

余(yú )幼(yòu )时(shí )即(jí )嗜(shì )学(xué )。家(jiā )贫(pín )，无(wú )从(cóng )致(zhì )书(shū )以(yǐ )观(guān )，每(měi )假(jiǎ )借(jiè )于(yú )藏(cáng )书(shū )之(zhī )家(jiā )，手(shǒu )自(zì )笔(bǐ )录(lù )，计(jì )日(rì )以(yǐ )还(hái )。天(tiān )大(dà )寒(hán )，砚(yàn )冰(bīng )坚(jiān )，手(shǒu )指(zhǐ )不(bú )可(kě )屈(qū )伸(shēn )，弗(fú )之(zhī )怠(dài )。录(lù )毕(bì )，走(zǒu )送(sòng )之(zhī )，不(bú )敢(gǎn )稍(shāo )逾(yú )约(yuē )。以(yǐ )是(shì )人(rén )多(duō )以(yǐ )书(shū )假(jiǎ )余(yú )，余(yú )因(yīn )得(dé )遍(biàn )观(guān )群(qún )书(shū )。既(jì )加(jiā )冠(guàn )，益(yì )慕(mù )圣(shèng )贤(xián )之(zhī )道(dào )，又(yòu )患(huàn )无(wú )硕(shuò )师(shī )、名(míng )人(rén )与(yǔ )游(yóu )，尝(cháng )趋(qū )百(bǎi )里(lǐ )外(wài )，从(cóng )乡(xiāng )之(zhī )先(xiān )达(dá )执(zhí )经(jīng )叩(kòu )问(wèn )。先(xiān )达(dá )德(dé )隆(lóng )望(wàng )尊(zūn )，门(mén )人(rén )弟(dì )子(zǐ )填(tián )其(qí )室(shì )，未(wèi )尝(cháng )稍(shāo )降(jiàng )辞(cí )色(sè )。余(yú )立(lì )侍(shì )左(zuǒ )右(yòu )，援(yuán )疑(yí )质(zhì )理(lǐ )，俯(fǔ )身(shēn )倾(qīng )耳(ěr )以(yǐ )请(qǐng )；或(huò )遇(yù )其(qí )叱(chì )咄(duō )，色(sè )愈(yù )恭(gōng )，礼(lǐ )愈(yù )至(zhì )，不(bú )敢(gǎn )出(chū )一(yī )言(yán )以(yǐ )复(fù )；俟(sì )其(qí )欣(xīn )悦(yuè )，则(zé )又(yòu )请(qǐng )焉(yān )。故(gù )余(yú )虽(suī )愚(yú )，卒(zú )获(huò )有(yǒu )所(suǒ )闻(wén )。

当(dāng )余(yú )之(zhī )从(cóng )师(shī )也(yě )，负(fù )箧(qiè )曳(yè )屣(xǐ )，行(háng )深(shēn )山(shān )巨(jù )谷(gǔ )中(zhōng )，穷(qióng )冬(dōng )烈(liè )风(fēng )，大(dà )雪(xuě )深(shēn )数(shù )尺(chǐ )，足(zú )肤(fū )皲(jūn )裂(liè )而(ér )不(bú )知(zhī )。至(zhì )舍(shě )，四(sì )支(zhī )僵(jiāng )劲(jìn )不(bú )能(néng )动(dòng )，媵(yìng )人(rén )持(chí )汤(tāng )沃(wò )灌(guàn )，以(yǐ )衾(qīn )拥(yōng )覆(fù )，久(jiǔ )而(ér )乃(nǎi )和(hé )。寓(yù )逆(nì )旅(lǚ )，主(zhǔ )人(rén )日(rì )再(zài )食(shí )，无(wú )鲜(xiān )肥(féi )滋(zī )味(wèi )之(zhī )享(xiǎng )。同(tóng )舍(shě )生(shēng )皆(jiē )被(bèi )绮(qǐ )绣(xiù )，戴(dài )朱(zhū )缨(yīng )宝(bǎo )饰(shì )之(zhī )帽(mào )，腰(yāo )白(bái )玉(yù )之(zhī )环(huán )，左(zuǒ )佩(pèi )刀(dāo )，右(yòu )备(bèi )容(róng )臭(chòu )，烨(yè )然(rán )若(ruò )神(shén )人(rén )；余(yú )则(zé )缊(wēn )袍(páo )敝(bì )衣(yī )处(chù )其(qí )间(jiān )，略(luè )无(wú )慕(mù )艳(yàn )意(yì )。以(yǐ )中(zhōng )有(yǒu )足(zú )乐(lè )者(zhě )，不(bú )知(zhī )口(kǒu )体(tǐ )之(zhī )奉(fèng )不(bú )若(ruò )人(rén )也(yě )。盖(gài )余(yú )之(zhī )勤(qín )且(qiě )艰(jiān )若(ruò )此(cǐ )。

今(jīn )虽(suī )耄(mào )老(lǎo )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )所(suǒ )成(chéng )，犹(yóu )幸(xìng )预(yù )君(jūn )子(zǐ )之(zhī )列(liè )，而(ér )承(chéng )天(tiān )子(zǐ )之(zhī )宠(chǒng )光(guāng )，缀(zhuì )公(gōng )卿(qīng )之(zhī )后(hòu )，日(rì )侍(shì )坐(zuò )备(bèi )顾(gù )问(wèn )，四(sì )海(hǎi )亦(yì )谬(miù )称(chēng )其(qí )氏(shì )名(míng )，况(kuàng )才(cái )之(zhī )过(guò )于(yú )余(yú )者(zhě )乎(hū )？

今(jīn )诸(zhū )生(shēng )学(xué )于(yú )太(tài )学(xué )，县(xiàn )官(guān )日(rì )有(yǒu )廪(lǐn )稍(shāo )之(zhī )供(gòng )，父(fù )母(mǔ )岁(suì )有(yǒu )裘(qiú )葛(gě )之(zhī )遗(yí )，无(wú )冻(dòng )馁(něi )之(zhī )患(huàn )矣(yǐ )；坐(zuò )大(dà )厦(shà )之(zhī )下(xià )而(ér )诵(sòng )《诗(shī )》《书(shū )》，无(wú )奔(bēn )走(zǒu )之(zhī )劳(láo )矣(yǐ )；有(yǒu )司(sī )业(yè )、博(bó )士(shì )为(wéi )之(zhī )师(shī )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )问(wèn )而(ér )不(bú )告(gào )，求(qiú )而(ér )不(bú )得(dé )者(zhě )也(yě )；凡(fán )所(suǒ )宜(yí )有(yǒu )之(zhī )书(shū )，皆(jiē )集(jí )于(yú )此(cǐ )，不(bú )必(bì )若(ruò )余(yú )之(zhī )手(shǒu )录(lù )，假(jiǎ )诸(zhū )人(rén )而(ér )后(hòu )见(jiàn )也(yě )。其(qí )业(yè )有(yǒu )不(bú )精(jīng )，德(dé )有(yǒu )不(bú )成(chéng )者(zhě )，非(fēi )天(tiān )质(zhì )之(zhī )卑(bēi )，则(zé )心(xīn )不(bú )若(ruò )余(yú )之(zhī )专(zhuān )耳(ěr )，岂(qǐ )他(tā )人(rén )之(zhī )过(guò )哉(zāi )！

东(dōng )阳(yáng )马(mǎ )生(shēng )君(jūn )则(zé )，在(zài )太(tài )学(xué )已(yǐ )二(èr )年(nián )，流(liú )辈(bèi )甚(shèn )称(chēng )其(qí )贤(xián )。余(yú )朝(cháo )京(jīng )师(shī )，生(shēng )以(yǐ )乡(xiāng )人(rén )子(zǐ )谒(yè )余(yú )，撰(zhuàn )长(zhǎng )书(shū )以(yǐ )为(wéi )贽(zhì )，辞(cí )甚(shèn )畅(chàng )达(dá )，与(yǔ )之(zhī )论(lùn )辩(biàn )，言(yán )和(hé )而(ér )色(sè )夷(yí )。自(zì )谓(wèi )少(shǎo )时(shí )用(yòng )心(xīn )于(yú )学(xué )甚(shèn )劳(láo )，是(shì )可(kě )谓(wèi )善(shàn )学(xué )者(zhě )矣(yǐ )！其(qí )将(jiāng )归(guī )见(jiàn )其(qí )亲(qīn )也(yě )，余(yú )故(gù )道(dào )为(wéi )学(xué )之(zhī )难(nán )以(yǐ )告(gào )之(zhī )。谓(wèi )余(yú )勉(miǎn )乡(xiāng )人(rén )以(yǐ )学(xué )者(zhě )，余(yú )之(zhī )志(zhì )也(yě )；诋(dǐ )我(wǒ )夸(kuā )际(jì )遇(yù )之(zhī )盛(shèng )而(ér )骄(jiāo )乡(xiāng )人(rén )者(zhě )，岂(qǐ )知(zhī )余(yú )者(zhě )哉(zāi )！

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