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或(huò )问(wèn )谏(jiàn )议(yì )大(dà )夫(fū )阳(yáng )城(chéng )于(yú )愈(yù )，可(kě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )有(yǒu )道(dào )之(zhī )士(shì )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?学(xué )广(guǎng )而(ér )闻(wén )多(duō )，不(bú )求(qiú )闻(wén )于(yú )人(rén )也(yě )。行(háng )古(gǔ )人(rén )之(zhī )道(dào )，居(jū )于(yú )晋(jìn )之(zhī )鄙(bǐ )。晋(jìn )之(zhī )鄙(bǐ )人(rén )，熏(xūn )其(qí )德(dé )而(ér )善(shàn )良(liáng )者(zhě )几(jǐ )千(qiān )人(rén )。大(dà )臣(chén )闻(wén )而(ér )荐(jiàn )之(zhī )，天(tiān )子(zǐ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )谏(jiàn )议(yì )大(dà )夫(fū )。人(rén )皆(jiē )以(yǐ )为(wéi )华(huá )，阳(yáng )子(zǐ )不(bú )色(sè )喜(xǐ )。居(jū )于(yú )位(wèi )五(wǔ )年(nián )矣(yǐ )，视(shì )其(qí )德(dé )，如(rú )在(zài )野(yě )，彼(bǐ )岂(qǐ )以(yǐ )富(fù )贵(guì )移(yí )易(yì )其(qí )心(xīn )哉(zāi )?

愈(yù )应(yīng )之(zhī )曰(yuē )：是(shì )《易(yì )》所(suǒ )谓(wèi )恒(héng )其(qí )德(dé )贞(zhēn )，而(ér )夫(fū )子(zǐ )凶(xiōng )者(zhě )也(yě )。恶(è )得(dé )为(wéi )有(yǒu )道(dào )之(zhī )士(shì )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?在(zài )《易(yì )·蛊(gǔ )》之(zhī )“上(shàng )九(jiǔ )”云(yún )：“不(bú )事(shì )王(wáng )侯(hóu )，高(gāo )尚(shàng )其(qí )事(shì )。”《蹇(jiǎn )》之(zhī )“六(liù )二(èr )”则(zé )曰(yuē )：“王(wáng )臣(chén )蹇(jiǎn )蹇(jiǎn )，匪(fěi )躬(gōng )之(zhī )故(gù )。”夫(fū )亦(yì )以(yǐ )所(suǒ )居(jū )之(zhī )时(shí )不(bú )一(yī )，而(ér )所(suǒ )蹈(dǎo )之(zhī )德(dé )不(bú )同(tóng )也(yě )。若(ruò )《蛊(gǔ )》之(zhī )“上(shàng )九(jiǔ )”，居(jū )无(wú )用(yòng )之(zhī )地(dì )，而(ér )致(zhì )匪(fěi )躬(gōng )之(zhī )节(jiē );以(yǐ )《蹇(jiǎn )》之(zhī )“六(liù )二(èr )”，在(zài )王(wáng )臣(chén )之(zhī )位(wèi )，而(ér )高(gāo )不(bú )事(shì )之(zhī )心(xīn )，则(zé )冒(mào )进(jìn )之(zhī )患(huàn )生(shēng )，旷(kuàng )官(guān )之(zhī )刺(cì )兴(xìng )。志(zhì )不(bú )可(kě )则(zé )，而(ér )尤(yóu )不(bú )终(zhōng )无(wú )也(yě )。今(jīn )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )在(zài )位(wèi )，不(bú )为(wéi )不(bú )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ );闻(wén )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )得(dé )失(shī )，不(bú )为(wéi )不(bú )熟(shú )矣(yǐ );天(tiān )子(zǐ )待(dài )之(zhī )，不(bú )为(wéi )不(bú )加(jiā )矣(yǐ )。而(ér )未(wèi )尝(cháng )一(yī )言(yán )及(jí )于(yú )政(zhèng )。视(shì )政(zhèng )之(zhī )得(dé )失(shī )，若(ruò )越(yuè )人(rén )视(shì )秦(qín )人(rén )之(zhī )肥(féi )瘠(jí )，忽(hū )焉(yān )不(bú )加(jiā )喜(xǐ )戚(qī )于(yú )其(qí )心(xīn )。问(wèn )其(qí )官(guān )，则(zé )曰(yuē )谏(jiàn )议(yì )也(yě );问(wèn )其(qí )禄(lù )，则(zé )曰(yuē )下(xià )大(dà )夫(fū )之(zhī )秩(zhì )秩(zhì )也(yě );问(wèn )其(qí )政(zhèng )，则(zé )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )不(bú )知(zhī )也(yě )。有(yǒu )道(dào )之(zhī )士(shì )，固(gù )如(rú )是(shì )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?且(qiě )吾(wú )闻(wén )之(zhī )：有(yǒu )官(guān )守(shǒu )者(zhě )，不(bú )得(dé )其(qí )职(zhí )则(zé )去(qù );有(yǒu )言(yán )责(zé )者(zhě )，不(bú )得(dé )其(qí )言(yán )则(zé )去(qù )。今(jīn )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )以(yǐ )为(wéi )得(dé )其(qí )言(yán )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?得(dé )其(qí )言(yán )而(ér )不(bú )言(yán )，与(yǔ )不(bú )得(dé )其(qí )言(yán )而(ér )不(bú )去(qù )，无(wú )一(yī )可(kě )者(zhě )也(yě )。阳(yáng )子(zǐ )将(jiāng )为(wéi )禄(lù )仕(shì )乎(hū )?古(gǔ )之(zhī )人(rén )有(yǒu )云(yún )：“仕(shì )不(bú )为(wéi )贫(pín )，而(ér )有(yǒu )时(shí )乎(hū )为(wéi )贫(pín )。”谓(wèi )禄(lù )仕(shì )者(zhě )也(yě )。宜(yí )乎(hū )辞(cí )尊(zūn )而(ér )居(jū )卑(bēi )，辞(cí )富(fù )而(ér )居(jū )贫(pín )，若(ruò )抱(bào )关(guān )击(jī )柝(tuò )者(zhě )可(kě )也(yě )。盖(gài )孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )尝(cháng )为(wéi )委(wěi )吏(lì )矣(yǐ )，尝(cháng )为(wéi )乘(chéng )田(tián )矣(yǐ )，亦(yì )不(bú )敢(gǎn )旷(kuàng )其(qí )职(zhí )，必(bì )曰(yuē )“会(huì )计(jì )当(dāng )而(ér )已(yǐ )矣(yǐ )”，必(bì )曰(yuē )“牛(niú )羊(yáng )遂(suí )而(ér )已(yǐ )矣(yǐ )”。若(ruò )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )秩(zhì )禄(lù )，不(bú )为(wéi )卑(bēi )且(qiě )贫(pín )，章(zhāng )章(zhāng )明(míng )矣(yǐ )，而(ér )如(rú )此(cǐ )，其(qí )可(kě )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?

或(huò )曰(yuē )：否(fǒu )，非(fēi )若(ruò )此(cǐ )也(yě )。夫(fū )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )恶(è )讪(shàn )上(shàng )者(zhě )，恶(è )为(wéi )人(rén )臣(chén )招(zhāo )其(qí )君(jūn )之(zhī )过(guò )而(ér )以(yǐ )为(wéi )名(míng )者(zhě )。故(gù )虽(suī )谏(jiàn )且(qiě )议(yì )，使(shǐ )人(rén )不(bú )得(dé )而(ér )知(zhī )焉(yān )。《书(shū )》曰(yuē )：“尔(ěr )有(yǒu )嘉(jiā )谟(mó )嘉(jiā )猷(yóu )，则(zé )人(rén )告(gào )尔(ěr )后(hòu )于(yú )内(nèi )，尔(ěr )乃(nǎi )顺(shùn )之(zhī )于(yú )外(wài )，曰(yuē )：斯(sī )谟(mó )斯(sī )猷(yóu )，惟(wéi )我(wǒ )后(hòu )之(zhī )德(dé )”若(ruò )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )用(yòng )心(xīn )，亦(yì )若(ruò )此(cǐ )者(zhě )。愈(yù )应(yīng )之(zhī )曰(yuē )：若(ruò )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )用(yòng )心(xīn )如(rú )此(cǐ )，滋(zī )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )惑(huò )者(zhě )矣(yǐ )。入(rù )则(zé )谏(jiàn )其(qí )君(jūn )，出(chū )不(bú )使(shǐ )人(rén )知(zhī )者(zhě )，大(dà )臣(chén )宰(zǎi )相(xiàng )者(zhě )之(zhī )事(shì )，非(fēi )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )宜(yí )行(háng )也(yě )。夫(fū )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )，本(běn )以(yǐ )布(bù )衣(yī )隐(yǐn )于(yú )蓬(péng )蒿(hāo )之(zhī )下(xià )，主(zhǔ )上(shàng )嘉(jiā )其(qí )行(háng )谊(yì )，擢(zhuó )在(zài )此(cǐ )位(wèi )，官(guān )以(yǐ )谏(jiàn )为(wéi )名(míng )，诚(chéng )宜(yí )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )奉(fèng )其(qí )职(zhí )，使(shǐ )四(sì )方(fāng )后(hòu )代(dài )，知(zhī )朝(cháo )廷(tíng )有(yǒu )直(zhí )言(yán )骨(gǔ )鲠(gěng )之(zhī )臣(chén )，天(tiān )子(zǐ )有(yǒu )不(bú )僭(jiàn )赏(shǎng )、从(cóng )谏(jiàn )如(rú )流(liú )之(zhī )美(měi )。庶(shù )岩(yán )穴(xué )之(zhī )士(shì )，闻(wén )而(ér )慕(mù )之(zhī )，束(shù )带(dài )结(jié )发(fā )，愿(yuàn )进(jìn )于(yú )阙(què )下(xià )，而(ér )伸(shēn )其(qí )辞(cí )说(shuō )，致(zhì )吾(wú )君(jūn )于(yú )尧(yáo )舜(shùn )，熙(xī )鸿(hóng )号(hào )于(yú )无(wú )穷(qióng )也(yě )。若(ruò )《书(shū )》所(suǒ )谓(wèi )，则(zé )大(dà )臣(chén )宰(zǎi )相(xiàng )之(zhī )事(shì )，非(fēi )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )宜(yí )行(háng )也(yě )。且(qiě )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )心(xīn )，将(jiāng )使(shǐ )君(jūn )人(rén )者(zhě )恶(è )闻(wén )其(qí )过(guò )乎(hū )?是(shì )启(qǐ )之(zhī )也(yě )。

或(huò )曰(yuē )：阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )不(bú )求(qiú )闻(wén )而(ér )人(rén )闻(wén )之(zhī )，不(bú )求(qiú )用(yòng )而(ér )君(jūn )用(yòng )之(zhī )。不(bú )得(dé )已(yǐ )而(ér )起(qǐ )。守(shǒu )其(qí )道(dào )而(ér )不(bú )变(biàn )，何(hé )子(zǐ )过(guò )之(zhī )深(shēn )也(yě )?愈(yù )曰(yuē )：自(zì )古(gǔ )圣(shèng )人(rén )贤(xián )士(shì )，皆(jiē )非(fēi )有(yǒu )求(qiú )于(yú )闻(wén )用(yòng )也(yě )。闵(mǐn )其(qí )时(shí )之(zhī )不(bú )平(píng )，人(rén )之(zhī )不(bú )义(yì )，得(dé )其(qí )道(dào )。不(bú )敢(gǎn )独(dú )善(shàn )其(qí )身(shēn )，而(ér )必(bì )以(yǐ )兼(jiān )济(jì )天(tiān )下(xià )也(yě )。孜(zī )孜(zī )矻(kū )矻(kū )，死(sǐ )而(ér )后(hòu )已(yǐ )。故(gù )禹(yǔ )过(guò )家(jiā )门(mén )不(bú )入(rù )，孔(kǒng )席(xí )不(bú )暇(xiá )暖(nuǎn )，而(ér )墨(mò )突(tū )不(bú )得(dé )黔(qián )。彼(bǐ )二(èr )圣(shèng )一(yī )贤(xián )者(zhě )，岂(qǐ )不(bú )知(zhī )自(zì )安(ān )佚(yì )之(zhī )为(wéi )乐(lè )哉(zāi )诚(chéng )畏(wèi )天(tiān )命(mìng )而(ér )悲(bēi )人(rén )穷(qióng )也(yě )。夫(fū )天(tiān )授(shòu )人(rén )以(yǐ )贤(xián )圣(shèng )才(cái )能(néng )，岂(qǐ )使(shǐ )自(zì )有(yǒu )余(yú )而(ér )已(yǐ )，诚(chéng )欲(yù )以(yǐ )补(bǔ )其(qí )不(bú )足(zú )者(zhě )也(yě )。耳(ěr )目(mù )之(zhī )于(yú )身(shēn )也(yě )，耳(ěr )司(sī )闻(wén )而(ér )目(mù )司(sī )见(jiàn )，听(tīng )其(qí )是(shì )非(fēi )，视(shì )其(qí )险(xiǎn )易(yì )，然(rán )后(hòu )身(shēn )得(dé )安(ān )焉(yān )。圣(shèng )贤(xián )者(zhě )，时(shí )人(rén )之(zhī )耳(ěr )目(mù )也(yě );时(shí )人(rén )者(zhě )，圣(shèng )贤(xián )之(zhī )身(shēn )也(yě )。且(qiě )阳(yáng )子(zǐ )之(zhī )不(bú )贤(xián )，则(zé )将(jiāng )役(yì )于(yú )贤(xián )以(yǐ )奉(fèng )其(qí )上(shàng )矣(yǐ );若(ruò )果(guǒ )贤(xián )，则(zé )固(gù )畏(wèi )天(tiān )命(mìng )而(ér )闵(mǐn )人(rén )穷(qióng )也(yě )。恶(è )得(dé )以(yǐ )自(zì )暇(xiá )逸(yì )乎(hū )哉(zāi )?

或(huò )曰(yuē )：吾(wú )闻(wén )君(jūn )子(zǐ )不(bú )欲(yù )加(jiā )诸(zhū )人(rén )，而(ér )恶(è )讦(jié )以(yǐ )为(wéi )直(zhí )者(zhě )。若(ruò )吾(wú )子(zǐ )之(zhī )论(lùn )，直(zhí )则(zé )直(zhí )矣(yǐ )，无(wú )乃(nǎi )伤(shāng )于(yú )德(dé )而(ér )费(fèi )于(yú )辞(cí )乎(hū )?好(hǎo )尽(jìn )言(yán )以(yǐ )招(zhāo )人(rén )过(guò )，国(guó )武(wǔ )子(zǐ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )见(jiàn )杀(shā )于(yú )齐(qí )也(yě )，吾(wú )子(zǐ )其(qí )亦(yì )闻(wén )乎(hū )?愈(yù )曰(yuē )：君(jūn )子(zǐ )居(jū )其(qí )位(wèi )，则(zé )思(sī )死(sǐ )其(qí )官(guān )。未(wèi )得(dé )位(wèi )，则(zé )思(sī )修(xiū )其(qí )辞(cí )以(yǐ )明(míng )其(qí )道(dào )。我(wǒ )将(jiāng )以(yǐ )明(míng )道(dào )也(yě )，非(fēi )以(yǐ )为(wéi )直(zhí )而(ér )加(jiā )入(rù )也(yě )。且(qiě )国(guó )武(wǔ )子(zǐ )不(bú )能(néng )得(dé )善(shàn )人(rén )，而(ér )好(hǎo )尽(jìn )言(yán )于(yú )乱(luàn )国(guó )，是(shì )以(yǐ )见(jiàn )杀(shā )。《传(chuán )》曰(yuē )：“惟(wéi )善(shàn )人(rén )能(néng )受(shòu )尽(jìn )言(yán )。”谓(wèi )其(qí )闻(wén )而(ér )能(néng )改(gǎi )之(zhī )也(yě )。子(zǐ )告(gào )我(wǒ )曰(yuē )：“阳(yáng )子(zǐ )可(kě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )有(yǒu )之(zhī )士(shì )也(yě )。”今(jīn )虽(suī )不(bú )能(néng )及(jí )已(yǐ )，阳(yáng )子(zǐ )将(jiāng )不(bú )得(dé )为(wéi )善(shàn )人(rén )乎(hū )哉(zāi )？

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