《古文观止》卷十二·明文·信陵君救赵论拼音版-注音版本（清朝·吴楚才）

论(lùn )者(zhě )以(yǐ )窃(qiè )符(fú )为(wéi )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )之(zhī )罪(zuì )，余(yú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )此(cǐ )未(wèi )足(zú )以(yǐ )罪(zuì )信(xìn )陵(líng )也(yě )。夫(fū )强(qiáng )秦(qín )之(zhī )暴(bào )亟(jí )矣(yǐ )，今(jīn )悉(xī )兵(bīng )以(yǐ )临(lín )赵(zhào )，赵(zhào )必(bì )亡(wáng )。赵(zhào )，魏(wèi )之(zhī )障(zhàng )也(yě )。赵(zhào )亡(wáng )，则(zé )魏(wèi )且(qiě )为(wéi )之(zhī )后(hòu )。赵(zhào )、魏(wèi )，又(yòu )楚(chǔ )、燕(yàn )、齐(qí )诸(zhū )国(guó )之(zhī )障(zhàng )也(yě )，赵(zhào )、魏(wèi )亡(wáng )，则(zé )楚(chǔ )、燕(yàn )、齐(qí )诸(zhū )国(guó )为(wéi )之(zhī )后(hòu )。天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )势(shì )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )岌(jí )岌(jí )于(yú )此(cǐ )者(zhě )也(yě )。故(gù )救(jiù )赵(zhào )者(zhě )，亦(yì )以(yǐ )救(jiù )魏(wèi );救(jiù )一(yī )国(guó )者(zhě )，亦(yì )以(yǐ )救(jiù )六(liù )国(guó )也(yě )。窃(qiè )魏(wèi )之(zhī )符(fú )以(yǐ )纾(shū )魏(wèi )之(zhī )患(huàn )，借(jiè )一(yī )国(guó )之(zhī )师(shī )以(yǐ )分(fèn )六(liù )国(guó )之(zhī )灾(zāi )，夫(fū )奚(xī )不(bú )可(kě )者(zhě )?

然(rán )则(zé )信(xìn )陵(líng )果(guǒ )无(wú )罪(zuì )乎(hū )?曰(yuē )：又(yòu )不(bú )然(rán )也(yě )。余(yú )所(suǒ )诛(zhū )者(zhě )，信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )之(zhī )心(xīn )也(yě )。

信(xìn )陵(líng )一(yī )公(gōng )子(zǐ )耳(ěr )，魏(wèi )固(gù )有(yǒu )王(wáng )也(yě )。赵(zhào )不(bú )请(qǐng )救(jiù )于(yú )王(wáng )，而(ér )谆(zhūn )谆(zhūn )焉(yān )请(qǐng )救(jiù )于(yú )信(xìn )陵(líng )，是(shì )赵(zhào )知(zhī )有(yǒu )信(xìn )陵(líng )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )也(yě )。平(píng )原(yuán )君(jūn )以(yǐ )婚(hūn )姻(yīn )激(jī )信(xìn )陵(líng )，而(ér )信(xìn )陵(líng )亦(yì )自(zì )以(yǐ )婚(hūn )姻(yīn )之(zhī )故(gù )，欲(yù )急(jí )救(jiù )赵(zhào )，是(shì )信(xìn )陵(líng )知(zhī )有(yǒu )婚(hūn )姻(yīn )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )也(yě )。其(qí )窃(qiè )符(fú )也(yě )，非(fēi )为(wéi )魏(wèi )也(yě )，非(fēi )为(wéi )六(liù )国(guó )也(yě )，为(wéi )赵(zhào )焉(yān )耳(ěr )。非(fēi )为(wéi )赵(zhào )也(yě )，为(wéi )一(yī )平(píng )原(yuán )君(jūn )耳(ěr )。使(shǐ )祸(huò )不(bú )在(zài )赵(zhào )，而(ér )在(zài )他(tā )国(guó )，则(zé )虽(suī )撤(chè )魏(wèi )之(zhī )障(zhàng )，撤(chè )六(liù )国(guó )之(zhī )障(zhàng )，信(xìn )陵(líng )亦(yì )必(bì )不(bú )救(jiù )。使(shǐ )赵(zhào )无(wú )平(píng )原(yuán )，而(ér )平(píng )原(yuán )亦(yì )非(fēi )信(xìn )陵(líng )之(zhī )姻(yīn )戚(qī )，虽(suī )赵(zhào )亡(wáng )，信(xìn )陵(líng )亦(yì )必(bì )不(bú )救(jiù )。则(zé )是(shì )赵(zhào )王(wáng )与(yǔ )社(shè )稷(jì )之(zhī )轻(qīng )重(zhòng )，不(bú )能(néng )当(dāng )一(yī )平(píng )原(yuán )公(gōng )子(zǐ )，而(ér )魏(wèi )之(zhī )兵(bīng )甲(jiǎ )所(suǒ )恃(shì )以(yǐ )固(gù )其(qí )社(shè )稷(jì )者(zhě )，只(zhī )以(yǐ )供(gòng )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )一(yī )姻(yīn )戚(qī )之(zhī )用(yòng )。幸(xìng )而(ér )战(zhàn )胜(shèng )，可(kě )也(yě )，不(bú )幸(xìng )战(zhàn )不(bú )胜(shèng )，为(wéi )虏(lǔ )于(yú )秦(qín )，是(shì )倾(qīng )魏(wèi )国(guó )数(shù )百(bǎi )年(nián )社(shè )稷(jì )以(yǐ )殉(xùn )姻(yīn )戚(qī )，吾(wú )不(bú )知(zhī )信(xìn )陵(líng )何(hé )以(yǐ )谢(xiè )魏(wèi )王(wáng )也(yě )。

夫(fū )窃(qiè )符(fú )之(zhī )计(jì )，盖(gài )出(chū )于(yú )侯(hóu )生(shēng )，而(ér )如(rú )姬(jī )成(chéng )之(zhī )也(yě )。侯(hóu )生(shēng )教(jiāo )公(gōng )子(zǐ )以(yǐ )窃(qiè )符(fú )，如(rú )姬(jī )为(wéi )公(gōng )子(zǐ )窃(qiè )符(fú )于(yú )王(wáng )之(zhī )卧(wò )内(nèi )，是(shì )二(èr )人(rén )亦(yì )知(zhī )有(yǒu )信(xìn )陵(líng )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )也(yě )。余(yú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )信(xìn )陵(líng )之(zhī )自(zì )为(wéi )计(jì )，曷(hé )若(ruò )以(yǐ )唇(chún )齿(chǐ )之(zhī )势(shì )激(jī )谏(jiàn )于(yú )王(wáng )，不(bú )听(tīng )，则(zé )以(yǐ )其(qí )欲(yù )死(sǐ )秦(qín )师(shī )者(zhě )而(ér )死(sǐ )于(yú )魏(wèi )王(wáng )之(zhī )前(qián )，王(wáng )必(bì )悟(wù )矣(yǐ )。侯(hóu )生(shēng )为(wéi )信(xìn )陵(líng )计(jì )，曷(hé )若(ruò )见(jiàn )魏(wèi )王(wáng )而(ér )说(shuō )之(zhī )救(jiù )赵(zhào )，不(bú )听(tīng )，则(zé )以(yǐ )其(qí )欲(yù )死(sǐ )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )者(zhě )而(ér )死(sǐ )于(yú )魏(wèi )王(wáng )之(zhī )前(qián )，王(wáng )亦(yì )必(bì )悟(wù )矣(yǐ )。如(rú )姬(jī )有(yǒu )意(yì )于(yú )报(bào )信(xìn )陵(líng )，曷(hé )若(ruò )乘(chéng )王(wáng )之(zhī )隙(xì )而(ér )日(rì )夜(yè )劝(quàn )之(zhī )救(jiù )，不(bú )听(tīng )，则(zé )以(yǐ )其(qí )欲(yù )为(wéi )公(gōng )子(zǐ )死(sǐ )者(zhě )而(ér )死(sǐ )于(yú )魏(wèi )王(wáng )之(zhī )前(qián )，王(wáng )亦(yì )必(bì )悟(wù )矣(yǐ )。如(rú )此(cǐ )，则(zé )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )不(bú )负(fù )魏(wèi )，亦(yì )不(bú )负(fù )赵(zhào );二(èr )人(rén )不(bú )负(fù )王(wáng )，亦(yì )不(bú )负(fù )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )。何(hé )为(wéi )计(jì )不(bú )出(chū )此(cǐ )?信(xìn )陵(líng )知(zhī )有(yǒu )婚(hūn )姻(yīn )之(zhī )赵(zhào )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )。内(nèi )则(zé )幸(xìng )姬(jī )，外(wài )则(zé )邻(lín )国(guó )，贱(jiàn )则(zé )夷(yí )门(mén )野(yě )人(rén )，又(yòu )皆(jiē )知(zhī )有(yǒu )公(gōng )子(zǐ )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )。则(zé )是(shì )魏(wèi )仅(jǐn )有(yǒu )一(yī )孤(gū )王(wáng )耳(ěr )。

呜(wū )呼(hū )!自(zì )世(shì )之(zhī )衰(shuāi )，人(rén )皆(jiē )习(xí )于(yú )背(bèi )公(gōng )死(sǐ )党(dǎng )之(zhī )行(háng )而(ér )忘(wàng )守(shǒu )节(jiē )奉(fèng )公(gōng )之(zhī )道(dào )，有(yǒu )重(zhòng )相(xiàng )而(ér )无(wú )威(wēi )君(jūn )，有(yǒu )私(sī )仇(chóu )而(ér )无(wú )义(yì )愤(fèn )，如(rú )秦(qín )人(rén )知(zhī )有(yǒu )穰(ráng )侯(hóu )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )秦(qín )王(wáng )，虞(yú )卿(qīng )知(zhī )有(yǒu )布(bù )衣(yī )之(zhī )交(jiāo )，不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )赵(zhào )王(wáng )，盖(gài )君(jūn )若(ruò )赘(zhuì )旒(liú )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )。由(yóu )此(cǐ )言(yán )之(zhī )，信(xìn )陵(líng )之(zhī )罪(zuì )，固(gù )不(bú )专(zhuān )系(xì )乎(hū )符(fú )之(zhī )窃(qiè )不(bú )窃(qiè )也(yě )。其(qí )为(wéi )魏(wèi )也(yě )，为(wéi )六(liù )国(guó )也(yě )，纵(zòng )窃(qiè )符(fú )犹(yóu )可(kě )。其(qí )为(wéi )赵(zhào )也(yě )，为(wéi )一(yī )亲(qīn )戚(qī )也(yě )，纵(zòng )求(qiú )符(fú )于(yú )王(wáng )，而(ér )公(gōng )然(rán )得(dé )之(zhī )，亦(yì )罪(zuì )也(yě )。

虽(suī )然(rán )，魏(wèi )王(wáng )亦(yì )不(bú )得(dé )无(wú )罪(zuì )也(yě )。兵(bīng )符(fú )藏(cáng )于(yú )卧(wò )内(nèi )，信(xìn )陵(líng )亦(yì )安(ān )得(dé )窃(qiè )之(zhī )?信(xìn )陵(líng )不(bú )忌(jì )魏(wèi )王(wáng )，而(ér )径(jìng )请(qǐng )之(zhī )如(rú )姬(jī )，其(qí )素(sù )窥(kuī )魏(wèi )王(wáng )之(zhī )疏(shū )也(yě );如(rú )姬(jī )不(bú )忌(jì )魏(wèi )王(wáng )，而(ér )敢(gǎn )于(yú )窃(qiè )符(fú )，其(qí )素(sù )恃(shì )魏(wèi )王(wáng )之(zhī )宠(chǒng )也(yě )。木(mù )朽(xiǔ )而(ér )蛀(zhù )生(shēng )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )。古(gǔ )者(zhě )人(rén )君(jūn )持(chí )权(quán )于(yú )上(shàng )，而(ér )内(nèi )外(wài )莫(mò )敢(gǎn )不(bú )肃(sù )。则(zé )信(xìn )陵(líng )安(ān )得(dé )树(shù )私(sī )交(jiāo )于(yú )赵(zhào )?赵(zhào )安(ān )得(dé )私(sī )请(qǐng )救(jiù )于(yú )信(xìn )陵(líng )?如(rú )姬(jī )安(ān )得(dé )衔(xián )信(xìn )陵(líng )之(zhī )恩(ēn )?信(xìn )陵(líng )安(ān )得(dé )卖(mài )恩(ēn )于(yú )如(rú )姬(jī )?履(lǚ )霜(shuāng )之(zhī )渐(jiàn )，岂(qǐ )一(yī )朝(cháo )一(yī )夕(xī )也(yě )哉(zāi )!由(yóu )此(cǐ )言(yán )之(zhī )，不(bú )特(tè )众(zhòng )人(rén )不(bú )知(zhī )有(yǒu )王(wáng )，王(wáng )亦(yì )自(zì )为(wéi )赘(zhuì )旒(liú )也(yě )。

故(gù )信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )可(kě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )人(rén )臣(chén )植(zhí )党(dǎng )之(zhī )戒(jiè )，魏(wèi )王(wáng )可(kě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )人(rén )君(jūn )失(shī )权(quán )之(zhī )戒(jiè )。《春(chūn )秋(qiū )》书(shū )葬(zàng )原(yuán )仲(zhòng )、翚(huī )帅(shuài )师(shī )。嗟(jiē )夫(fū )!圣(shèng )人(rén )之(zhī )为(wéi )虑(lǜ )深(shēn )矣(yǐ )!

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