《古文观止》 > 卷十·宋文一 > 《晁错论》 > 拼音版

天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )患(huàn )，最(zuì )不(bú )可(kě )为(wéi )者(zhě )，名(míng )为(wéi )治(zhì )平(píng )无(wú )事(shì )，而(ér )其(qí )实(shí )有(yǒu )不(bú )测(cè )之(zhī )忧(yōu )。坐(zuò )观(guān )其(qí )变(biàn )，而(ér )不(bú )为(wéi )之(zhī )所(suǒ )，则(zé )恐(kǒng )至(zhì )於(yú )不(bú )可(kě )救(jiù );起(qǐ )而(ér )强(qiáng )为(wéi )之(zhī )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )狃(niǔ )於(yú )治(zhì )平(píng )之(zhī )安(ān )而(ér )不(bú )吾(wú )信(xìn )。惟(wéi )仁(rén )人(rén )君(jūn )子(zǐ )豪(háo )杰(jié )之(zhī )士(shì )，为(wéi )能(néng )出(chū )身(shēn )为(wéi )天(tiān )下(xià )犯(fàn )大(dà )难(nán )，以(yǐ )求(qiú )成(chéng )大(dà )功(gōng );此(cǐ )固(gù )非(fēi )勉(miǎn )强(qiáng )期(qī )月(yuè )之(zhī )间(jiān )，而(ér )苟(gǒu )以(yǐ )求(qiú )名(míng )之(zhī )所(suǒ )能(néng )也(yě )。

天(tiān )下(xià )治(zhì )平(píng )，无(wú )故(gù )而(ér )发(fā )大(dà )难(nán )之(zhī )端(duān );吾(wú )发(fā )之(zhī )，吾(wú )能(néng )收(shōu )之(zhī )，然(rán )后(hòu )有(yǒu )辞(cí )於(yú )天(tiān )下(xià )。事(shì )至(zhì )而(ér )循(xún )循(xún )焉(yān )欲(yù )去(qù )之(zhī )，使(shǐ )他(tā )人(rén )任(rèn )其(qí )责(zé )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )祸(huò )，必(bì )集(jí )於(yú )我(wǒ )。

昔(xī )者(zhě )晁(cháo )错(cuò )尽(jìn )忠(zhōng )为(wéi )汉(hàn )，谋(móu )弱(ruò )山(shān )东(dōng )之(zhī )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )，山(shān )东(dōng )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )并(bìng )起(qǐ )，以(yǐ )诛(zhū )错(cuò )为(wéi )名(míng );而(ér )天(tiān )子(zǐ )不(bú )以(yǐ )察(chá )，以(yǐ )错(cuò )为(wéi )之(zhī )说(shuō )。天(tiān )下(xià )悲(bēi )错(cuò )之(zhī )以(yǐ )忠(zhōng )而(ér )受(shòu )祸(huò )，不(bú )知(zhī )错(cuò )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )之(zhī )也(yě )。

古(gǔ )之(zhī )立(lì )大(dà )事(shì )者(zhě )，不(bú )惟(wéi )有(yǒu )超(chāo )世(shì )之(zhī )才(cái )，亦(yì )必(bì )有(yǒu )坚(jiān )忍(rěn )不(bú )拔(bá )之(zhī )志(zhì )。昔(xī )禹(yǔ )之(zhī )治(zhì )水(shuǐ )，凿(záo )龙(lóng )门(mén )，决(jué )大(dà )河(hé )而(ér )放(fàng )之(zhī )海(hǎi )。方(fāng )其(qí )功(gōng )之(zhī )未(wèi )成(chéng )也(yě )，盖(gài )亦(yì )有(yǒu )溃(kuì )冒(mào )冲(chōng )突(tū )可(kě )畏(wèi )之(zhī )患(huàn );惟(wéi )能(néng )前(qián )知(zhī )其(qí )当(dāng )然(rán )，事(shì )至(zhì )不(bú )惧(jù )，而(ér )徐(xú )为(wéi )之(zhī )图(tú )，是(shì )以(yǐ )得(dé )至(zhì )於(yú )成(chéng )功(gōng )。

夫(fū )以(yǐ )七(qī )国(guó )之(zhī )强(qiáng )，而(ér )骤(zhòu )削(xuē )之(zhī )，其(qí )为(wéi )变(biàn )，岂(qǐ )足(zú )怪(guài )哉(zāi )?错(cuò )不(bú )於(yú )此(cǐ )时(shí )捐(juān )其(qí )身(shēn )，为(wéi )天(tiān )下(xià )当(dāng )大(dà )难(nán )之(zhī )冲(chōng )，而(ér )制(zhì )吴(wú )楚(chǔ )之(zhī )命(mìng )，乃(nǎi )为(wéi )自(zì )全(quán )之(zhī )计(jì )，欲(yù )使(shǐ )天(tiān )子(zǐ )自(zì )将(jiāng )而(ér )己(jǐ )居(jū )守(shǒu )。且(qiě )夫(fū )发(fā )七(qī )国(guó )之(zhī )难(nán )者(zhě )，谁(shuí )乎(hū )?己(jǐ )欲(yù )求(qiú )其(qí )名(míng )，安(ān )所(suǒ )逃(táo )其(qí )患(huàn )。以(yǐ )自(zì )将(jiāng )之(zhī )至(zhì )危(wēi )，与(yǔ )居(jū )守(shǒu )至(zhì )安(ān );己(jǐ )为(wéi )难(nán )首(shǒu )，择(zé )其(qí )至(zhì )安(ān )，而(ér )遣(qiǎn )天(tiān )子(zǐ )以(yǐ )其(qí )至(zhì )危(wēi )，此(cǐ )忠(zhōng )臣(chén )义(yì )士(shì )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )愤(fèn )怨(yuàn )而(ér )不(bú )平(píng )者(zhě )也(yě )。

当(dāng )此(cǐ )之(zhī )时(shí )，虽(suī )无(wú )袁(yuán )盎(àng )，错(cuò )亦(yì )未(wèi )免(miǎn )於(yú )祸(huò )。何(hé )者(zhě )?己(jǐ )欲(yù )居(jū )守(shǒu )，而(ér )使(shǐ )人(rén )主(zhǔ )自(zì )将(jiāng )。以(yǐ )情(qíng )而(ér )言(yán )，天(tiān )子(zǐ )固(gù )已(yǐ )难(nán )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )，而(ér )重(zhòng )违(wéi )其(qí )议(yì )。是(shì )以(yǐ )袁(yuán )盎(àng )之(zhī )说(shuō )，得(dé )行(háng )於(yú )其(qí )间(jiān )。使(shǐ )吴(wú )楚(chǔ )反(fǎn )，错(cuò )已(yǐ )身(shēn )任(rèn )其(qí )危(wēi )，日(rì )夜(yè )淬(cuì )砺(lì )，东(dōng )向(xiàng )而(ér )待(dài )之(zhī )，使(shǐ )不(bú )至(zhì )於(yú )累(lèi )其(qí )君(jūn )，则(zé )天(tiān )子(zǐ )将(jiāng )恃(shì )之(zhī )以(yǐ )为(wéi )无(wú )恐(kǒng )，虽(suī )有(yǒu )百(bǎi )盎(àng )，可(kě )得(dé )而(ér )间(jiān )哉(zāi )?

嗟(jiē )夫(fū )!世(shì )之(zhī )君(jūn )子(zǐ )，欲(yù )求(qiú )非(fēi )常(cháng )之(zhī )功(gōng )，则(zé )无(wú )务(wù )为(wéi )自(zì )全(quán )之(zhī )计(jì )。使(shǐ )错(cuò )自(zì )将(jiāng )而(ér )讨(tǎo )吴(wú )楚(chǔ )，未(wèi )必(bì )无(wú )功(gōng )，惟(wéi )其(qí )欲(yù )自(zì )固(gù )其(qí )身(shēn )，而(ér )天(tiān )子(zǐ )不(bú )悦(yuè )。奸(jiān )臣(chén )得(dé )以(yǐ )乘(chéng )其(qí )隙(xì )，错(cuò )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )自(zì )全(quán )者(zhě )，乃(nǎi )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )自(zì )祸(huò )欤(yú )!

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