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一(yī )般(bān )说(shuō )来(lái )各(gè )种(zhǒng )事(shì )物(wù )处(chù )在(zài )不(bú )平(píng )静(jìng )的(de )时(shí )候(hòu )就(jiù )会(huì )发(fā )出(chū )声(shēng )音(yīn )：草(cǎo )木(mù )本(běn )来(lái )没(méi )有(yǒu )声(shēng )音(yīn )，风(fēng )摇(yáo )动(dòng )它(tā )就(jiù )发(fā )出(chū )声(shēng )响(xiǎng )。水(shuǐ )本(běn )来(lái )没(méi )有(yǒu )声(shēng )音(yīn )，风(fēng )震(zhèn )荡(dàng )它(tā )就(jiù )发(fā )出(chū )声(shēng )响(xiǎng )。水(shuǐ )浪(làng )腾(téng )涌(yǒng )，或(huò )是(shì )有(yǒu )东(dōng )西(xī )在(zài )阻(zǔ )遏(è )水(shuǐ )势(shì );水(shuǐ )流(liú )湍(tuān )急(jí )，或(huò )是(shì )有(yǒu )东(dōng )西(xī )阻(zǔ )塞(sāi )了(le )水(shuǐ )道(dào );水(shuǐ )花(huā )沸(fèi )腾(téng )，或(huò )是(shì )有(yǒu )火(huǒ )在(zài )烧(shāo )煮(zhǔ )它(tā )。金(jīn )属(shǔ )石(shí )器(qì )本(běn )来(lái )没(méi )有(yǒu )声(shēng )音(yīn )，有(yǒu )人(rén )敲(qiāo )击(jī )它(tā )就(jiù )发(fā )出(chū )音(yīn )响(xiǎng )。人(rén )的(de )语(yǔ )言(yán )也(yě )同(tóng )样(yàng )如(rú )此(cǐ )，往(wǎng )往(wǎng )到(dào )了(le )不(bú )得(dé )不(bú )说(shuō )的(de )时(shí )候(hòu )才(cái )发(fā )言(yán )。人(rén )们(men )唱(chàng )歌(gē )是(shì )为(wéi )了(le )寄(jì )托(tuō )情(qíng )思(sī )，人(rén )们(men )哭(kū )泣(qì )是(shì )因(yīn )为(wéi )有(yǒu )所(suǒ )怀(huái )恋(liàn )，凡(fán )是(shì )从(cóng )口(kǒu )中(zhōng )发(fā )出(chū )而(ér )成(chéng )为(wéi )声(shēng )音(yīn )的(de )，大(dà )概(gài )都(dōu )有(yǒu )其(qí )不(bú )能(néng )平(píng )静(jìng )的(de )原(yuán )因(yīn )吧(ba )!

音(yīn )乐(lè )，是(shì )人(rén )们(men )心(xīn )中(zhōng )郁(yù )闷(mèn )而(ér )抒(shū )发(fā )出(chū )来(lái )的(de )心(xīn )声(shēng )，人(rén )们(men )选(xuǎn )择(zé )最(zuì )适(shì )合(hé )发(fā )音(yīn )的(de )东(dōng )西(xī )来(lái )奏(zòu )乐(lè )。金(jīn )、石(shí )、丝(sī )、竹(zhú )、匏(páo )、土(tǔ )、革(gé )、木(mù )这(zhè )八(bā )种(zhǒng )乐(lè )器(qì )，是(shì )各(gè )类(lèi )物(wù )质(zhì )中(zhōng )发(fā )音(yīn )最(zuì )好(hǎo )的(de )。上(shàng )天(tiān )对(duì )于(yú )一(yī )年(nián )四(sì )季(jì )也(yě )是(shì )这(zhè )样(yàng )，选(xuǎn )择(zé )最(zuì )善(shàn )于(yú )发(fā )声(shēng )的(de )事(shì )物(wù )借(jiè )它(tā )来(lái )发(fā )声(shēng )。因(yīn )此(cǐ )春(chūn )天(tiān )让(ràng )百(bǎi )鸟(niǎo )啁(zhōu )啾(jiū )，夏(xià )天(tiān )让(ràng )雷(léi )霆(tíng )轰(hōng )鸣(míng )，秋(qiū )天(tiān )让(ràng )虫(chóng )声(shēng )唧(jī )唧(jī )，冬(dōng )天(tiān )让(ràng )寒(hán )风(fēng )呼(hū )啸(xiào )。一(yī )年(nián )四(sì )季(jì )互(hù )相(xiàng )推(tuī )移(yí )变(biàn )化(huà )，也(yě )一(yī )定(dìng )有(yǒu )其(qí )不(bú )能(néng )平(píng )静(jìng )的(de )原(yuán )因(yīn )吧(ba )?

对(duì )于(yú )人(rén )来(lái )说(shuō )也(yě )是(shì )这(zhè )样(yàng )。人(rén )类(lèi )声(shēng )音(yīn )的(de )精(jīng )华(huá )是(shì )语(yǔ )言(yán )，文(wén )辞(cí )对(duì )于(yú )语(yǔ )言(yán )来(lái )说(shuō )，又(yòu )是(shì )它(tā )的(de )精(jīng )华(huá )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )尤(yóu )其(qí )要(yào )选(xuǎn )择(zé )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )人(rén )，依(yī )靠(kào )他(tā )们(men )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )意(yì )见(jiàn )。在(zài )唐(táng )尧(yáo )、虞(yú )舜(shùn )时(shí )，咎(jiù )陶(táo )、禹(yǔ )是(shì )最(zuì )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )，因(yīn )而(ér )借(jiè )助(zhù )他(tā )俩(liǎng )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。夔(kuí )不(bú )能(néng )用(yòng )文(wén )辞(cí )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )，他(tā )就(jiù )借(jiè )演(yǎn )奏(zòu )《韶(sháo )》乐(lè )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。夏(xià )朝(cháo )的(de )时(shí )候(hòu )，太(tài )康(kāng )的(de )五(wǔ )个(gè )弟(dì )弟(dì )用(yòng )他(tā )们(men )歌(gē )声(shēng )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。殷(yīn )朝(cháo )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )是(shì )伊(yī )尹(yǐn )，周(zhōu )朝(cháo )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )是(shì )周(zhōu )公(gōng )。凡(fán )是(shì )记(jì )载(zǎi )在(zài )《诗(shī )经(jīng )》、《尚(shàng )书(shū )》等(děng )儒(rú )家(jiā )六(liù )种(zhǒng )经(jīng )典(diǎn )上(shàng )的(de )诗(shī )文(wén )，都(dōu )是(shì )表(biǎo )达(dá )得(dé )很(hěn )高(gāo )明(míng )的(de )。周(zhōu )朝(cháo )衰(shuāi )落(luò )时(shí )，孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )这(zhè )类(lèi )人(rén )表(biǎo )达(dá )看(kàn )法(fǎ )，他(tā )们(men )的(de )声(shēng )音(yīn )洪(hóng )大(dà )而(ér )传(chuán )播(bō )遥(yáo )远(yuǎn )。《论(lùn )语(yǔ )》上(shàng )说(shuō )：“上(shàng )天(tiān )将(jiāng )使(shǐ )孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )成(chéng )为(wéi )宣(xuān )扬(yáng )教(jiāo )化(huà )的(de )人(rén )。”这(zhè )难(nán )道(dào )不(bú )是(shì )真(zhēn )的(de )吗(ma )?周(zhōu )朝(cháo )末(mò )年(nián )，庄(zhuāng )周(zhōu )用(yòng )他(tā )那(nà )广(guǎng )大(dà )无(wú )边(biān )的(de )文(wén )辞(cí )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。楚(chǔ )国(guó )是(shì )大(dà )国(guó )，它(tā )灭(miè )亡(wáng )时(shí )候(hòu )的(de )情(qíng )景(jǐng )靠(kào )着(zhe )屈(qū )原(yuán )的(de )创(chuàng )作(zuò )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。臧(zāng )孙(sūn )辰(chén )、孟(mèng )轲(kē )、荀(xún )卿(qīng )等(děng )人(rén )用(yòng )他(tā )们(men )的(de )学(xué )说(shuō )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。杨(yáng )朱(zhū )、墨(mò )翟(zhái )、管(guǎn )夷(yí )吾(wú )、晏(yàn )婴(yīng )、老(lǎo )聃(dān )、申(shēn )不(bú )害(hài )、韩(hán )非(fēi )、慎(shèn )到(dào )、田(tián )骈(pián )、邹(zōu )衍(yǎn )、尸(shī )佼(jiǎo )、孙(sūn )武(wǔ )、张(zhāng )仪(yí )、苏(sū )秦(qín )这(zhè )些(xiē )人(rén )，都(dōu )通(tōng )过(guò )各(gè )自(zì )的(de )主(zhǔ )张(zhāng )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )。秦(qín )朝(cháo )的(de )兴(xìng )起(qǐ )，李(lǐ )斯(sī )是(shì )表(biǎo )达(dá )者(zhě )。在(zài )汉(hàn )朝(cháo )，司(sī )马(mǎ )迁(qiān )、司(sī )马(mǎ )相(xiàng )如(rú )、扬(yáng )雄(xióng )，是(shì )其(qí )中(zhōng )最(zuì )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )人(rén )。此(cǐ )后(hòu )的(de )魏(wèi )朝(cháo )、晋(jìn )朝(cháo )，能(néng )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )人(rén )及(jí )不(bú )上(shàng )古(gǔ )代(dài )，可(kě )是(shì )也(yě )并(bìng )未(wèi )绝(jué )迹(jì )。就(jiù )其(qí )比(bǐ )较(jiào )好(hǎo )的(de )人(rén )来(lái )说(shuō )，他(tā )们(men )作(zuò )品(pǐn )的(de )声(shēng )音(yīn )清(qīng )轻(qīng )而(ér )虚(xū )浮(fú )，节(jiē )奏(zòu )短(duǎn )促(cù )而(ér )急(jí )迫(pò )，辞(cí )藻(zǎo )艳(yàn )丽(lì )而(ér )伤(shāng )感(gǎn )，志(zhì )趣(qù )颓(tuí )废(fèi )而(ér )放(fàng )旷(kuàng );他(tā )们(men )的(de )文(wén )辞(cí )，杂(zá )乱(luàn )而(ér )没(méi )有(yǒu )章(zhāng )法(fǎ )。这(zhè )大(dà )概(gài )是(shì )上(shàng )天(tiān )厌(yàn )弃(qì )这(zhè )个(gè )时(shí )代(dài )的(de )丑(chǒu )德(dé )败(bài )行(háng )而(ér )不(bú )愿(yuàn )照(zhào )顾(gù )他(tā )们(men )吧(ba )?为(wéi )什(shí )么(me )不(bú )让(ràng )那(nà )些(xiē )善(shàn )于(yú )表(biǎo )达(dá )的(de )人(rén )出(chū )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )呢(ne )!

唐(táng )朝(cháo )建(jiàn )立(lì )以(yǐ )后(hòu )，陈(chén )子(zǐ )昂(áng )、苏(sū )源(yuán )明(míng )、元(yuán )结(jié )、李(lǐ )白(bái )、杜(dù )甫(fǔ )、李(lǐ )观(guān )，都(dōu )凭(píng )他(tā )们(men )的(de )出(chū )众(zhòng )才(cái )华(huá )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )心(xīn )声(shēng )。其(qí )后(hòu )还(hái )活(huó )着(zhe )的(de )人(rén )当(dāng )中(zhōng )，孟(mèng )郊(jiāo )开(kāi )始(shǐ )用(yòng )他(tā )的(de )诗(shī )歌(gē )来(lái )表(biǎo )达(dá )感(gǎn )情(qíng )。这(zhè )些(xiē )作(zuò )品(pǐn )超(chāo )过(guò )了(le )魏(wèi )晋(jìn )，有(yǒu )些(xiē )经(jīng )过(guò )不(bú )懈(xiè )的(de )努(nǔ )力(lì )已(yǐ )达(dá )到(dào )了(le )上(shàng )古(gǔ )诗(shī )作(zuò )的(de )水(shuǐ )平(píng )。其(qí )他(tā )作(zuò )品(pǐn )也(yě )都(dōu )接(jiē )近(jìn )了(le )汉(hàn )朝(cháo )的(de )水(shuǐ )准(zhǔn )。同(tóng )我(wǒ )交(jiāo )往(wǎng )的(de )人(rén )中(zhōng )间(jiān )，李(lǐ )翱(áo )、张(zhāng )籍(jí )大(dà )概(gài )是(shì )最(zuì )引(yǐn )人(rén )注(zhù )目(mù )的(de )。他(tā )们(men )三(sān )位(wèi )的(de )文(wén )辞(cí )表(biǎo )达(dá )确(què )实(shí )是(shì )很(hěn )好(hǎo )的(de )。但(dàn )不(bú )知(zhī )道(dào )上(shàng )天(tiān )将(jiāng )应(yīng )和(hé )他(tā )们(men )的(de )声(shēng )音(yīn )，使(shǐ )他(tā )们(men )作(zuò )品(pǐn )表(biǎo )达(dá )国(guó )家(jiā )的(de )强(qiáng )盛(shèng )呢(ne )，还(hái )是(shì )将(jiāng )让(ràng )他(tā )们(men )贫(pín )穷(qióng )饥(jī )饿(è )，愁(chóu )肠(cháng )百(bǎi )结(jié )，使(shǐ )他(tā )们(men )作(zuò )品(pǐn )表(biǎo )达(dá )自(zì )身(shēn )的(de )不(bú )幸(xìng )遭(zāo )遇(yù )呢(ne )?他(tā )们(men )三(sān )位(wèi )的(de )命(mìng )运(yùn )，就(jiù )掌(zhǎng )握(wò )在(zài )上(shàng )天(tiān )的(de )手(shǒu )里(lǐ )了(le )。身(shēn )居(jū )高(gāo )位(wèi )有(yǒu )什(shí )么(me )可(kě )喜(xǐ )的(de )，身(shēn )沉(chén )下(xià )僚(liáo )有(yǒu )什(shí )么(me )可(kě )悲(bēi )的(de )!东(dōng )野(yě )将(jiāng )到(dào )江(jiāng )南(nán )地(dì )区(qū )去(qù )就(jiù )任(rèn )县(xiàn )尉(wèi )，心(xīn )里(lǐ )好(hǎo )像(xiàng )有(yǒu )想(xiǎng )不(bú )开(kāi )的(de )地(dì )方(fāng )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )我(wǒ )讲(jiǎng )这(zhè )番(fān )命(mìng )由(yóu )天(tiān )定(dìng )的(de )话(huà )来(lái )解(jiě )开(kāi )他(tā )心(xīn )中(zhōng )的(de )疙(gē )瘩(dá )。

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