《墨子》36章非命(中)拼音版-注音版本（先秦·墨子）

子(zǐ )墨(mò )子(zǐ )言(yán )曰(yuē )：凡(fán )出(chū )言(yán )谈(tán )、由(yóu )文(wén )学(xué )之(zhī )为(wéi )道(dào )也(yě )，则(zé )不(bú )可(kě )而(ér )不(bú )先(xiān )立(lì )义(yì )法(fǎ )。若(ruò )言(yán )而(ér )无(wú )义(yì )，譬(pì )犹(yóu )立(lì )朝(cháo )夕(xī )于(yú )员(yuán )钧(jūn )之(zhī )上(shàng )也(yě )，则(zé )虽(suī )有(yǒu )巧(qiǎo )工(gōng )，必(bì )不(bú )能(néng )得(dé )正(zhèng )焉(yān )。然(rán )今(jīn )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )情(qíng )伪(wěi )，未(wèi )可(kě )得(dé )而(ér )识(shí )也(yě )。故(gù )使(shǐ )言(yán )有(yǒu )三(sān )法(fǎ )。三(sān )法(fǎ )者(zhě )何(hé )也(yě )？有(yǒu )本(běn )之(zhī )者(zhě )，有(yǒu )原(yuán )之(zhī )者(zhě )，有(yǒu )用(yòng )之(zhī )者(zhě )。于(yú )其(qí )本(běn )之(zhī )也(yě )？考(kǎo )天(tiān )鬼(guǐ )之(zhī )志(zhì )，圣(shèng )王(wáng )之(zhī )事(shì )；于(yú )其(qí )原(yuán )之(zhī )也(yě )？徵(zhēng )以(yǐ )先(xiān )王(wáng )之(zhī )书(shū )；用(yòng )之(zhī )奈(nài )何(hé )？发(fā )而(ér )为(wéi )刑(xíng )。此(cǐ )言(yán )之(zhī )三(sān )法(fǎ )也(yě )。

今(jīn )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )士(shì )君(jūn )子(zǐ )，或(huò )以(yǐ )命(mìng )为(wéi )忘(wàng )。我(wǒ )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )知(zhī )命(mìng )之(zhī )有(yǒu )与(yǔ )亡(wáng )者(zhě )，以(yǐ )众(zhòng )人(rén )耳(ěr )目(mù )之(zhī )情(qíng )，知(zhī )有(yǒu )与(yǔ )亡(wáng )。有(yǒu )闻(wén )之(zhī )，有(yǒu )见(jiàn )之(zhī )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )有(yǒu )；莫(mò )之(zhī )闻(wén )，莫(mò )之(zhī )见(jiàn )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )亡(wáng )。然(rán )胡(hú )不(bú )尝(cháng )考(kǎo )之(zhī )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )之(zhī )情(qíng )？自(zì )古(gǔ )以(yǐ )及(jí )今(jīn )，生(shēng )民(mín )以(yǐ )来(lái )者(zhě )，亦(yì )尝(cháng )见(jiàn )命(mìng )之(zhī )物(wù )、闻(wén )命(mìng )之(zhī )声(shēng )者(zhě )乎(hū )？则(zé )未(wèi )赏(shǎng )有(yǒu )也(yě )。若(ruò )以(yǐ )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )为(wéi )愚(yú )不(bú )肖(xiāo )，耳(ěr )目(mù )之(zhī )情(qíng )，不(bú )足(zú )因(yīn )而(ér )为(wéi )法(fǎ )；然(rán )则(zé )胡(hú )不(bú )尝(cháng )考(kǎo )之(zhī )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )之(zhī )传(chuán )言(yán )流(liú )语(yǔ )乎(hū )？自(zì )古(gǔ )以(yǐ )及(jí )今(jīn )，生(shēng )民(mín )以(yǐ )来(lái )者(zhě )，亦(yì )尝(cháng )有(yǒu )闻(wén )命(mìng )之(zhī )声(shēng )，见(jiàn )命(mìng )之(zhī )体(tǐ )者(zhě )乎(hū )？则(zé )未(wèi )尝(cháng )有(yǒu )也(yě )。

然(rán )胡(hú )不(bú )尝(cháng )考(kǎo )之(zhī )圣(shèng )王(wáng )之(zhī )事(shì )？古(gǔ )之(zhī )圣(shèng )王(wáng )，举(jǔ )孝(xiào )子(zǐ )而(ér )劝(quàn )之(zhī )事(shì )亲(qīn )，尊(zūn )贤(xián )良(liáng )而(ér )劝(quàn )之(zhī )为(wéi )善(shàn )，发(fā )宪(xiàn )布(bù )令(lìng )以(yǐ )教(jiāo )诲(huì )，明(míng )赏(shǎng )罚(fá )以(yǐ )劝(quàn )阻(zǔ )。若(ruò )此(cǐ )，则(zé )乱(luàn )者(zhě )可(kě )使(shǐ )治(zhì )，而(ér )危(wēi )者(zhě )可(kě )使(shǐ )安(ān )矣(yǐ )。若(ruò )以(yǐ )为(wéi )不(bú )然(rán )，昔(xī )者(zhě )桀(jié )之(zhī )所(suǒ )乱(luàn )，汤(tāng )治(zhì )之(zhī )；纣(zhòu )之(zhī )所(suǒ )乱(luàn )，武(wǔ )王(wáng )治(zhì )之(zhī )。此(cǐ )世(shì )不(bú )渝(yú )而(ér )民(mín )不(bú )改(gǎi )，上(shàng )变(biàn )政(zhèng )而(ér )民(mín )易(yì )教(jiāo )，其(qí )在(zài )汤(tāng )、武(wǔ )则(zé )治(zhì )，其(qí )在(zài )桀(jié )、纣(zhòu )则(zé )乱(luàn )。安(ān )危(wēi )治(zhì )乱(luàn )，在(zài )上(shàng )之(zhī )发(fā )政(zhèng )也(yě )，则(zé )岂(qǐ )可(kě )谓(wèi )有(yǒu )命(mìng )哉(zāi )！夫(fū )曰(yuē )有(yǒu )命(mìng )云(yún )者(zhě )，亦(yì )不(bú )然(rán )矣(yǐ )。

今(jīn )夫(fū )有(yǒu )命(mìng )者(zhě )言(yán )曰(yuē )：我(wǒ )非(fēi )作(zuò )之(zhī )后(hòu )世(shì )也(yě )，自(zì )昔(xī )三(sān )代(dài )有(yǒu )若(ruò )言(yán )以(yǐ )傅(fù )流(liú )矣(yǐ )，今(jīn )故(gù )先(xiān )生(shēng )对(duì )之(zhī )？曰(yuē )：夫(fū )有(yǒu )命(mìng )者(zhě )，不(bú )志(zhì )昔(xī )也(yě )三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )圣(shèng )、善(shàn )人(rén )与(yǔ )？意(yì )亡(wáng )昔(xī )三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )暴(bào )、不(bú )肖(xiāo )人(rén )也(yě )？何(hé )以(yǐ )知(zhī )之(zhī )？初(chū )之(zhī )列(liè )士(shì )桀(jié )大(dà )夫(fū )，慎(shèn )言(yán )知(zhī )行(háng )，此(cǐ )上(shàng )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )规(guī )谏(jiàn )其(qí )君(jūn )长(zhǎng )，下(xià )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )教(jiāo )顺(shùn )其(qí )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )。故(gù )上(shàng )得(dé )其(qí )君(jūn )长(zhǎng )之(zhī )赏(shǎng )，下(xià )得(dé )其(qí )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )之(zhī )誉(yù )。列(liè )士(shì )桀(jié )大(dà )夫(fū )，声(shēng )闻(wén )不(bú )废(fèi )，流(liú )传(chuán )至(zhì )今(jīn )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )皆(jiē )曰(yuē )其(qí )力(lì )也(yě )，必(bì )不(bú )能(néng )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )见(jiàn )命(mìng )焉(yān )。是(shì )故(gù )昔(xī )者(zhě )三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )暴(bào )王(wáng )，不(bú )缪(miù )其(qí )耳(ěr )目(mù )之(zhī )淫(yín )，不(bú )慎(shèn )其(qí )心(xīn )志(zhì )之(zhī )辟(pì )，外(wài )之(zhī )驱(qū )骋(chěng )田(tián )猎(liè )毕(bì )弋(yì )，内(nèi )沈(shěn )于(yú )酒(jiǔ )乐(lè )，而(ér )不(bú )顾(gù )其(qí )国(guó )家(jiā )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )之(zhī )政(zhèng )，繁(fán )为(wéi )无(wú )用(yòng )，暴(bào )逆(nì )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )，使(shǐ )下(xià )不(bú )亲(qīn )其(qí )上(shàng )，是(shì )故(gù )国(guó )为(wéi )虚(xū )厉(lì )，身(shēn )在(zài )刑(xíng )（人(rén )＋谬(miù )的(de )右(yòu )半(bàn )）之(zhī )中(zhōng )，不(bú )肯(kěn )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )罢(bà )不(bú )肖(xiāo )，我(wǒ )为(wéi )刑(xíng )政(zhèng )不(bú )善(shàn )，必(bì )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )命(mìng )故(gù )且(qiě )亡(wáng )。虽(suī )昔(xī )也(yě )三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )穷(qióng )民(mín )，亦(yì )由(yóu )此(cǐ )也(yě )，内(nèi )之(zhī )不(bú )能(néng )善(shàn )事(shì )其(qí )亲(qīn )戚(qī )，外(wài )不(bú )能(néng )善(shàn )事(shì )其(qí )君(jūn )长(zhǎng )，恶(è )恭(gōng )俭(jiǎn )而(ér )好(hǎo )简(jiǎn )易(yì )，贪(tān )饮(yǐn )食(shí )而(ér )惰(duò )从(cóng )事(shì )，衣(yī )食(shí )之(zhī )财(cái )不(bú )足(zú )，使(shǐ )身(shēn )至(zhì )有(yǒu )饥(jī )寒(hán )冻(dòng )馁(něi )之(zhī )忧(yōu )，必(bì )不(bú )能(néng )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )罢(bà )不(bú )肖(xiāo )，我(wǒ )从(cóng )事(shì )不(bú )疾(jí )，必(bì )曰(yuē )我(wǒ )命(mìng )固(gù )且(qiě )穷(qióng )。虽(suī )昔(xī )也(yě )三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )伪(wěi )民(mín )，亦(yì )犹(yóu )此(cǐ )也(yě )，繁(fán )饰(shì )有(yǒu )命(mìng )，以(yǐ )教(jiāo )众(zhòng )愚(yú )朴(pǔ )人(rén )。

久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )！圣(shèng )王(wáng )之(zhī )患(huàn )此(cǐ )也(yě )，故(gù )书(shū )之(zhī )竹(zhú )帛(bó )，琢(zhuó )之(zhī )金(jīn )石(shí )。于(yú )先(xiān )王(wáng )之(zhī )书(shū )《仲(zhòng )虺(huī )之(zhī )告(gào )》曰(yuē )：“我(wǒ )闻(wén )有(yǒu )夏(xià )人(rén )矫(jiǎo )天(tiān )命(mìng )，布(bù )命(mìng )于(yú )下(xià )，帝(dì )式(shì )是(shì )恶(è )，用(yòng )阙(què )师(shī )。”此(cǐ )语(yǔ )夏(xià )王(wáng )桀(jié )之(zhī )执(zhí )有(yǒu )命(mìng )也(yě )，汤(tāng )与(yǔ )仲(zhòng )虺(huī )共(gòng )非(fēi )之(zhī )。先(xiān )王(wáng )之(zhī )书(shū )《太(tài )誓(shì )》之(zhī )言(yán )然(rán )，曰(yuē )：“纣(zhòu )夷(yí )之(zhī )居(jū )，而(ér )不(bú )肯(kěn )事(shì )上(shàng )帝(dì )、弃(qì )阙(què )其(qí )先(xiān )神(shén )而(ér )不(bú )祀(sì )也(yě )，曰(yuē )：''我(wǒ )民(mín )有(yǒu )命(mìng )。''毋(wú )（人(rén )＋谬(miù )的(de )右(yòu )半(bàn )）其(qí )务(wù )，天(tiān )不(bú )亦(yì )弃(qì )纵(zòng )而(ér )不(bú )葆(bǎo )。”此(cǐ )言(yán )纣(zhòu )之(zhī )执(zhí )有(yǒu )命(mìng )也(yě )，武(wǔ )王(wáng )以(yǐ )《太(tài )誓(shì )》非(fēi )之(zhī )。有(yǒu )于(yú )三(sān )代(dài )不(bú )国(guó )有(yǒu )之(zhī )，曰(yuē )：“女(nǚ )毋(wú )崇(chóng )天(tiān )之(zhī )有(yǒu )命(mìng )也(yě )。”命(mìng )三(sān )不(bú )国(guó )亦(yì )言(yán )命(mìng )之(zhī )无(wú )也(yě )。于(yú )召(zhào )公(gōng )之(zhī )《执(zhí )令(lìng )》于(yú )然(rán )：“且(qiě )！政(zhèng )哉(zāi )，无(wú )天(tiān )命(mìng )！维(wéi )予(yǔ )二(èr )人(rén )，而(ér )无(wú )造(zào )言(yán )，不(bú )自(zì )降(jiàng )天(tiān )之(zhī )哉(zāi )得(dé )之(zhī )。”在(zài )于(yú )商(shāng )、夏(xià )之(zhī )《诗(shī )》、《书(shū )》曰(yuē )：“命(mìng )者(zhě )，暴(bào )王(wáng )作(zuò )之(zhī )。”

且(qiě )今(jīn )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )士(shì )君(jūn )子(zǐ )，将(jiāng )欲(yù )辩(biàn )是(shì )非(fēi )、利(lì )害(hài )之(zhī )故(gù )，当(dāng )天(tiān )有(yǒu )命(mìng )者(zhě )，不(bú )可(kě )不(bú )疾(jí )非(fēi )也(yě )。执(zhí )有(yǒu )命(mìng )者(zhě )，此(cǐ )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )厚(hòu )害(hài )也(yě )，是(shì )故(gù )子(zǐ )墨(mò )子(zǐ )非(fēi )也(yě )。

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《36章非命(中)》简体版