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《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》也(yě )称(chēng )《商(shāng )子(zǐ )》，现(xiàn )存(cún )26篇(piān )，是(shì )战(zhàn )国(guó )时(shí )期(qī )法(fǎ )家(jiā )学(xué )派(pài )的(de )代(dài )表(biǎo )作(zuò )之(zhī )一(yī )，是(shì )中(zhōng )国(guó )家(jiā )喻(yù )户(hù )晓(xiǎo )的(de )人(rén )物(wù )商(shāng )鞅(yāng )及(jí )其(qí )后(hòu )学(xué )的(de )著(zhe )作(zuò )汇(huì )编(biān )。

《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》着(zhe )重(zhòng )论(lùn )述(shù )商(shāng )鞅(yāng )一(yī )派(pài )在(zài )当(dāng )时(shí )秦(qín )国(guó )施(shī )行(háng )的(de )变(biàn )法(fǎ )理(lǐ )论(lùn )和(hé )具(jù )体(tǐ )措(cuò )施(shī )。

《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》论(lùn )述(shù )了(le )“强(qiáng )国(guó )弱(ruò )民(mín )”。例(lì )如(rú )：《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》中(zhōng )有(yǒu )“民(mín )弱(ruò )国(guó )强(qiáng )，国(guó )强(qiáng )民(mín )弱(ruò )。故(gù )有(yǒu )道(dào )之(zhī )国(guó )务(wù )在(zài )弱(ruò )民(mín )。朴(pǔ )则(zé )强(qiáng )，淫(yín )则(zé )弱(ruò )。弱(ruò )则(zé )轨(guǐ )，淫(yín )则(zé )越(yuè )志(zhì )。弱(ruò )则(zé )有(yǒu )用(yòng )，越(yuè )志(zhì )则(zé )强(qiáng )。故(gù )曰(yuē )：以(yǐ )强(qiáng )去(qù )强(qiáng )者(zhě )，弱(ruò )；以(yǐ )弱(ruò )去(qù )强(qiáng )者(zhě )，强(qiáng )。”能(néng )够(gòu )战(zhàn )胜(shèng )强(qiáng )敌(dí )、称(chēng )霸(bà )天(tiān )下(xià )的(de )国(guó )家(jiā )，必(bì )须(xū )控(kòng )制(zhì )本(běn )国(guó )的(de )人(rén )民(mín )，使(shǐ )之(zhī )成(chéng )为(wéi )“弱(ruò )民(mín )”，而(ér )不(bú )是(shì )“淫(yín )民(mín )”。商(shāng )鞅(yāng )认(rèn )为(wéi )国(guó )家(jiā )的(de )强(qiáng )势(shì )和(hé )人(rén )民(mín )的(de )强(qiáng )势(shì )是(shì )对(duì )立(lì )的(de )。只(zhī )有(yǒu )使(shǐ )人(rén )民(mín )顺(shùn )从(cóng )法(fǎ )律(lǜ )、朴(pǔ )实(shí )忠(zhōng )厚(hòu )，人(rén )民(mín )才(cái )不(bú )易(yì )结(jié )成(chéng )强(qiáng )大(dà )的(de )力(lì )量(liàng )来(lái )对(duì )抗(kàng )国(guó )家(jiā )和(hé )君(jūn )主(zhǔ )，这(zhè )样(yàng )国(guó )家(jiā )才(cái )会(huì )容(róng )易(yì )治(zhì )理(lǐ )，君(jūn )主(zhǔ )的(de )地(dì )位(wèi )才(cái )会(huì )牢(láo )固(gù )。但(dàn )是(shì )，不(bú )要(yào )把(bǎ )“弱(ruò )民(mín )”理(lǐ )解(jiě )成(chéng )“愚(yú )民(mín )”。《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》中(zhōng )认(rèn )为(wéi )人(rén )性(xìng )本(běn )恶(è )，必(bì )须(xū )承(chéng )认(rèn )人(rén )之(zhī )恶(è )性(xìng )，治(zhì )理(lǐ )国(guó )家(jiā )要(yào )以(yǐ )恶(è )治(zhì )善(shàn )才(cái )能(néng )使(shǐ )国(guó )家(jiā )强(qiáng )大(dà )。《商(shāng )君(jūn )书(shū )》中(zhōng )主(zhǔ )张(zhāng )重(zhòng )刑(xíng )轻(qīng )赏(shǎng )，他(tā )认(rèn )为(wéi )加(jiā )重(zhòng )刑(xíng )罚(fá )，减(jiǎn )少(shǎo )奖(jiǎng )赏(shǎng )，是(shì )君(jūn )主(zhǔ )爱(ài )护(hù )民(mín )众(zhòng )，民(mín )众(zhòng )就(jiù )会(huì )拼(pīn )命(mìng )争(zhēng )夺(duó )奖(jiǎng )赏(shǎng )；增(zēng )加(jiā )奖(jiǎng )赏(shǎng )，减(jiǎn )轻(qīng )刑(xíng )罚(fá )，是(shì )君(jūn )主(zhǔ )不(bú )爱(ài )护(hù )民(mín )众(zhòng )，民(mín )众(zhòng )就(jiù )不(bú )会(huì )为(wéi )奖(jiǎng )赏(shǎng )而(ér )拼(pīn )死(sǐ )奋(fèn )斗(dòu )。

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