《人间词话》 > 上卷 51~60 > 《词不易于诗》 > 拼音版

【原(yuán )文(wén )】：陆(lù )放(fàng )翁(wēng )跋(bá )《花(huā )间(jiān )集(jí )》谓(wèi )：“唐(táng )季(jì )五(wǔ )代(dài )，诗(shī )愈(yù )卑(bēi )，而(ér )倚(yǐ )声(shēng )者(zhě )辄(zhé )简(jiǎn )古(gǔ )可(kě )爱(ài )。能(néng )此(cǐ )不(bú )能(néng )彼(bǐ )，未(wèi )易(yì )以(yǐ )理(lǐ )推(tuī )也(yě )。”《提(tí )要(yào )》驳(bó )之(zhī )，谓(wèi )：“犹(yóu )能(néng )举(jǔ )七(qī )十(shí )斤(jīn )者(zhě )，举(jǔ )百(bǎi )斤(jīn )则(zé )蹶(juě )，举(jǔ )五(wǔ )十(shí )斤(jīn )则(zé )运(yùn )掉(diào )自(zì )如(rú )。”其(qí )言(yán )甚(shèn )辨(biàn )。然(rán )谓(wèi )词(cí )必(bì )易(yì )于(yú )诗(shī )，余(yú )未(wèi )敢(gǎn )信(xìn )。善(shàn )乎(hū )陈(chén )卧(wò )子(zǐ )之(zhī )言(yán )曰(yuē )：“宋(sòng )人(rén )不(bú )知(zhī )诗(shī )而(ér )强(qiáng )作(zuò )诗(shī )，故(gù )终(zhōng )宋(sòng )之(zhī )世(shì )无(wú )诗(shī )。然(rán )其(qí )欢(huān )愉(yú )愁(chóu )怨(yuàn )之(zhī )致(zhì )，动(dòng )于(yú )中(zhōng )而(ér )不(bú )能(néng )抑(yì )者(zhě )，类(lèi )发(fā )于(yú )诗(shī )余(yú )，故(gù )其(qí )所(suǒ )造(zào )独(dú )工(gōng )。”五(wǔ )代(dài )词(cí )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )独(dú )胜(shèng )，亦(yì )以(yǐ )此(cǐ )也(yě )。

〖翻(fān )译(yì )〗：陆(lù )游(yóu )在(zài )为(wéi )《花(huā )间(jiān )集(jí )》作(zuò )跋(bá )的(de )时(shí )候(hòu )说(shuō )道(dào )：“唐(táng )宋(sòng )五(wǔ )代(dài )以(yǐ )来(lái )，诗(shī )越(yuè )来(lái )越(yuè )卑(bēi )微(wēi )，而(ér )词(cí )却(què )显(xiǎn )得(dé )更(gèng )加(jiā )的(de )简(jiǎn )古(gǔ )可(kě )爱(ài )，能(néng )写(xiě )词(cí )不(bú )能(néng )写(xiě )诗(shī )，真(zhēn )不(bú )知(zhī )是(shì )什(shí )么(me )道(dào )理(lǐ )呀(ya )。”《四(sì )库(kù )提(tí )要(yào )》驳(bó )斥(chì )他(tā )说(shuō )：“这(zhè )就(jiù )好(hǎo )比(bǐ )是(shì )举(jǔ )重(zhòng )，能(néng )举(jǔ )七(qī )十(shí )斤(jīn )的(de )人(rén )，让(ràng )他(tā )举(jǔ )一(yī )百(bǎi )斤(jīn )就(jiù )会(huì )蹶(juě )倒(dǎo )，而(ér )让(ràng )他(tā )举(jǔ )五(wǔ )十(shí )斤(jīn )就(jiù )轻(qīng )松(sōng )自(zì )如(rú )了(le )。”这(zhè )话(huà )好(hǎo )像(xiàng )是(shì )把(bǎ )道(dào )理(lǐ )辨(biàn )别(bié )得(dé )很(hěn )清(qīng )楚(chǔ )了(le )。但(dàn )如(rú )果(guǒ )要(yào )说(shuō )词(cí )比(bǐ )诗(shī )容(róng )易(yì )写(xiě )，我(wǒ )是(shì )不(bú )能(néng )信(xìn )服(fú )的(de )。还(hái )是(shì )明(míng )末(mò )的(de )''陈(chén )子(zǐ )龙(lóng )说(shuō )得(dé )好(hǎo )：“宋(sòng )人(rén )不(bú )知(zhī )道(dào )什(shí )么(me )叫(jiào )诗(shī )却(què )要(yào )强(qiáng )写(xiě )诗(shī )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )终(zhōng )宋(sòng )都(dōu )没(méi )有(yǒu )什(shí )么(me )好(hǎo )诗(shī )。但(dàn )他(tā )们(men )欢(huān )愉(yú )愁(chóu )苦(kǔ )到(dào )了(le )极(jí )点(diǎn )，情(qíng )动(dòng )于(yú )衷(zhōng )而(ér )无(wú )法(fǎ )抑(yì )制(zhì )的(de )时(shí )候(hòu )，于(yú )是(shì )凭(píng )借(jiè )诗(shī )以(yǐ )外(wài )的(de )载(zǎi )体(tǐ )来(lái )抒(shū )发(fā )情(qíng )感(gǎn )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )独(dú )擅(shàn )词(cí )作(zuò )，妙(miào )绝(jué )一(yī )代(dài )。”五(wǔ )代(dài )的(de )词(cí )作(zuò )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )独(dú )占(zhàn )鳌(áo )头(tóu )，也(yě )是(shì )这(zhè )个(gè )缘(yuán )故(gù )啊(ā )。

【注(zhù )】

《四(sì )库(kù )提(tí )要(yào )·集(jí )部(bù )·词(cí )曲(qǔ )》《花(huā )间(jiān )集(jí )》：“后(hòu )有(yǒu )陆(lù )游(yóu )二(èr )跋(bá )。……其(qí )二(èr )称(chēng )：‘唐(táng )季(jì )五(wǔ )代(dài )，诗(shī )愈(yù )卑(bēi )，而(ér )倚(yǐ )声(shēng )者(zhě )辄(zhé )简(jiǎn )古(gǔ )可(kě )爱(ài )。能(néng )此(cǐ )不(bú )能(néng )彼(bǐ )，未(wèi )易(yì )以(yǐ )理(lǐ )推(tuī )也(yě )。’不(bú )知(zhī )文(wén )之(zhī )体(tǐ )格(gé )有(yǒu )高(gāo )卑(bēi )，人(rén )之(zhī )学(xué )历(lì )有(yǒu )强(qiáng )弱(ruò )。学(xué )力(lì )不(bú )足(zú )副(fù )其(qí )体(tǐ )格(gé )，则(zé )举(jǔ )之(zhī )不(bú )足(zú )。学(xué )力(lì )足(zú )以(yǐ )副(fù )其(qí )体(tǐ )格(gé )，则(zé )举(jǔ )之(zhī )有(yǒu )余(yú )。律(lǜ )诗(shī )降(jiàng )于(yú )古(gǔ )诗(shī )，故(gù )中(zhōng )晚(wǎn )唐(táng )古(gǔ )诗(shī )多(duō )不(bú )工(gōng )，而(ér )律(lǜ )诗(shī )则(zé )时(shí )有(yǒu )佳(jiā )作(zuò )。词(cí )又(yòu )降(jiàng )于(yú )律(lǜ )诗(shī )，故(gù )五(wǔ )季(jì )人(rén )诗(shī )不(bú )及(jí )唐(táng )，词(cí )乃(nǎi )独(dú )胜(shèng )。此(cǐ )犹(yóu )能(néng )举(jǔ )七(qī )十(shí )斤(jīn )者(zhě )，举(jǔ )百(bǎi )斤(jīn )则(zé )蹶(juě )，举(jǔ )五(wǔ )十(shí )则(zé )运(yùn )用(yòng )自(zì )如(rú )，有(yǒu )何(hé )不(bú )可(kě )理(lǐ )推(tuī )乎(hū )？”

陈(chén )子(zǐ )龙(lóng )，字(zì )卧(wò )子(zǐ )，明(míng )末(mò )诗(shī )人(rén )，有(yǒu )《王(wáng )介(jiè )人(rén )诗(shī )余(yú )·序(xù )》：“宋(sòng )人(rén )不(bú )知(zhī )诗(shī )而(ér )强(qiáng )作(zuò )诗(shī )。其(qí )为(wéi )诗(shī )也(yě )，言(yán )理(lǐ )而(ér )不(bú )言(yán )情(qíng )，故(gù )终(zhōng )宋(sòng )之(zhī )世(shì )无(wú )诗(shī )焉(yān )。然(rán )宋(sòng )人(rén )亦(yì )不(bú )可(kě )免(miǎn )于(yú )有(yǒu )情(qíng )也(yě )。故(gù )凡(fán )其(qí )欢(huān )愉(yú )愁(chóu )怨(yuàn )之(zhī )致(zhì )，动(dòng )于(yú )中(zhōng )而(ér )不(bú )能(néng )抑(yì )者(zhě )，类(lèi )发(fā )于(yú )诗(shī )余(yú )，故(gù )其(qí )所(suǒ )造(zào )独(dú )工(gōng )，非(fēi )后(hòu )世(shì )可(kě )及(jí )。盖(gài )以(yǐ )沈(shěn )至(zhì )之(zhī )思(sī )而(ér )出(chū )之(zhī )必(bì )浅(qiǎn )近(jìn )，使(shǐ )读(dú )之(zhī )者(zhě )骤(zhòu )遇(yù )如(rú )在(zài )耳(ěr )目(mù )之(zhī )表(biǎo )，久(jiǔ )诵(sòng )而(ér )得(dé )沈(shěn )永(yǒng )之(zhī )趣(qù )，则(zé )用(yòng )意(yì )难(nán )也(yě )。以(yǐ )儇(xuān )利(lì )之(zhī )词(cí )，而(ér )制(zhì )之(zhī )实(shí )工(gōng )链(liàn )，使(shǐ )篇(piān )无(wú )累(lèi )句(jù )，句(jù )无(wú )累(lèi )字(zì )，圆(yuán )润(rùn )明(míng )密(mì )，言(yán )如(rú )贯(guàn )珠(zhū )，则(zé )铸(zhù )词(cí )难(nán )也(yě )。其(qí )为(wéi )体(tǐ )也(yě )纤(xiān )弱(ruò )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )明(míng )珠(zhū )翠(cuì )羽(yǔ )，尚(shàng )嫌(xián )其(qí )重(zhòng )，何(hé )况(kuàng )龙(lóng )鸾(luán )？必(bì )有(yǒu )鲜(xiān )妍(yán )之(zhī )姿(zī )，而(ér )不(bú )藉(jiè )粉(fěn )泽(zé )，则(zé )设(shè )色(sè )难(nán )也(yě )。其(qí )为(wéi )境(jìng )也(yě )婉(wǎn )媚(mèi )，虽(suī )以(yǐ )警(jǐng )露(lù )取(qǔ )妍(yán )，实(shí )贵(guì )含(hán )蓄(xù )，有(yǒu )余(yú )不(bú )尽(jìn )，时(shí )在(zài )低(dī )回(huí )唱(chàng )欢(huān )之(zhī )际(jì )，则(zé )命(mìng )篇(piān )难(nán )也(yě )。惟(wéi )宋(sòng )人(rén )专(zhuān )力(lì )事(shì )之(zhī )，篇(piān )什(shí )既(jì )多(duō )，触(chù )景(jǐng )皆(jiē )会(huì )。天(tiān )机(jī )所(suǒ )启(qǐ )，若(ruò )出(chū )自(zì )然(rán )。虽(suī )高(gāo )谈(tán )大(dà )雅(yǎ )，而(ér )亦(yì )觉(jiào )其(qí )不(bú )可(kě )废(fèi )。何(hé )则(zé )？物(wù )有(yǒu )独(dú )至(zhì )，小(xiǎo )道(dào )可(kě )观(guān )也(yě )。”

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