《何博士备论》晋论（上）拼音版-注音版本（宋朝·何去非）

神(shén )器(qì )之(zhī )重(zhòng )，有(yǒu )以(yǐ )自(zì )归(guī )而(ér )后(hòu )收(shōu )之(zhī )，有(yǒu )以(yǐ )力(lì )取(qǔ )而(ér )后(hòu )得(dé )之(zhī )。自(zì )归(guī )而(ér )后(hòu )收(shōu )之(zhī )者(zhě )，三(sān )代(dài )之(zhī )上(shàng )是(shì )也(yě )；力(lì )取(qǔ )而(ér )后(hòu )得(dé )之(zhī )者(zhě )，秦(qín )、汉(hàn )而(ér )下(xià )是(shì )也(yě )。夫(fū )归(guī )我(wǒ )而(ér )收(shōu )之(zhī )，与(yǔ )夫(fū )我(wǒ )取(qǔ )而(ér )得(dé )之(zhī )，固(gù )有(yǒu )间(jiān )矣(yǐ )。而(ér )其(qí )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )之(zhī )之(zhī )道(dào )，又(yòu )有(yǒu )甚(shèn )异(yì )者(zhě )焉(yān )！然(rán )则(zé )享(xiǎng )天(tiān )下(xià )者(zhě )，亦(yì )观(guān )夫(fū )所(suǒ )取(qǔ )之(zhī )道(dào )如(rú )何(hé )耳(ěr )。

魏(wèi )之(zhī )取(qǔ )汉(hàn )，异(yì )于(yú )汉(hàn )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )秦(qín )；晋(jìn )之(zhī )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )，异(yì )于(yú )魏(wèi )之(zhī )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )汉(hàn )。魏(wèi )示(shì )晋(jìn )以(yǐ )所(suǒ )取(qǔ )汉(hàn )之(zhī )迹(jì )，晋(jìn )袭(xí )魏(wèi )以(yǐ )所(suǒ )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )之(zhī )权(quán )。是(shì )晋(jìn )之(zhī )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )者(zhě )，魏(wèi )启(qǐ )之(zhī )也(yě )。晋(jìn )将(jiāng )蹈(dǎo )迹(jì )而(ér )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )也(yě )，是(shì )以(yǐ )汲(jí )汲(jí )而(ér )求(qiú )执(zhí )魏(wèi )之(zhī )权(quán )。魏(wèi )徒(tú )见(jiàn )权(quán )之(zhī )去(qù )我(wǒ )而(ér )在(zài )晋(jìn )，犹(yóu )昔(xī )之(zhī )去(qù )汉(hàn )而(ér )在(zài )魏(wèi )也(yě )。是(shì )以(yǐ )安(ān )其(qí )所(suǒ )取(qǔ )，而(ér )以(yǐ )天(tiān )下(xià )输(shū )之(zhī )，乃(nǎi )自(zì )谓(wèi )所(suǒ )当(dāng )然(rán )者(zhě )。故(gù )晋(jìn )于(yú )得(dé )魏(wèi )之(zhī )迹(jì )，无(wú )以(yǐ )异(yì )于(yú )魏(wèi )得(dé )汉(hàn )。而(ér )于(yú )所(suǒ )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )之(zhī )道(dào )，最(zuì )为(wéi )无(wú )名(míng )，盖(gài )有(yǒu )类(lèi )夫(fū )王(wáng )莽(mǎng )之(zhī )盗(dào )汉(hàn )也(yě )。虽(suī )然(rán )，晋(jìn )室(shì )之(zhī )祸(huò )，亦(yì )魏(wèi )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )遗(yí )之(zhī )。呜(wū )呼(hū )！岂(qǐ )亦(yì )天(tiān )意(yì )者(zhě )耶(yē )？

昔(xī )者(zhě )秦(qín )为(wéi )无(wú )道(dào )，天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )民(mín )唯(wéi )恐(kǒng )秦(qín )之(zhī )不(bú )亡(wáng )也(yě )，是(shì )以(yǐ )豪(háo )杰(jié )相(xiàng )与(yǔ )起(qǐ )而(ér )诛(zhū )秦(qín )。秦(qín )亡(wáng )而(ér )汉(hàn )得(dé )之(zhī )，是(shì )汉(hàn )无(wú )所(suǒ )负(fù )于(yú )秦(qín )也(yě )。东(dōng )汉(hàn )自(zì )董(dǒng )卓(zhuó )之(zhī )乱(luàn )，天(tiān )下(xià )痛(tòng )其(qí )祸(huò )汉(hàn )之(zhī )深(shēn )，相(xiàng )与(yǔ )建(jiàn )议(yì )歃(shà )血(xuè )起(qǐ )而(ér )诛(zhū )卓(zhuó )者(zhě )，凡(fán )以(yǐ )为(wéi )汉(hàn )也(yě )。卓(zhuó )既(jì )诛(zhū )矣(yǐ )，而(ér )曹(cáo )操(cāo )、二(èr )袁(yuán )乃(nǎi )始(shǐ )连(lián )兵(bīng )相(xiàng )噬(shì )，以(yǐ )争(zhēng )天(tiān )下(xià )而(ér )求(qiú )代(dài )汉(hàn )。曹(cáo )操(cāo )先(xiān )得(dé )挟(jiā )汉(hàn )之(zhī )策(cè )以(yǐ )令(lìng )天(tiān )下(xià )，终(zhōng )于(yú )汉(hàn )不(bú )自(zì )亡(wáng )而(ér )操(cāo )取(qǔ )之(zhī )，是(shì )魏(wèi )犹(yóu )有(yǒu )负(fù )于(yú )汉(hàn )也(yě )。汉(hàn )之(zhī )亡(wáng )也(yě )，非(fēi )天(tiān )下(xià )亡(wáng )之(zhī )，是(shì )操(cāo )取(qǔ )之(zhī )也(yě )。虽(suī )然(rán )，微(wēi )曹(cáo )操(cāo )则(zé )汉(hàn )之(zhī )天(tiān )下(xià )不(bú )得(dé )不(bú )亡(wáng )，以(yǐ )其(qí )有(yǒu )二(èr )袁(yuán )之(zhī )窃(qiè )取(qǔ )之(zhī )也(yě )。操(cāo )收(shōu )天(tiān )下(xià )于(yú )二(èr )袁(yuán )窃(qiè )取(qǔ )之(zhī )中(zhōng )，是(shì )汉(hàn )尝(cháng )亡(wáng )天(tiān )下(xià )矣(yǐ )，而(ér )操(cāo )收(shōu )之(zhī )，则(zé )魏(wèi )犹(yóu )为(wéi )有(yǒu )名(míng )也(yě )。故(gù )曰(yuē )：魏(wèi )之(zhī )取(qǔ )汉(hàn )，异(yì )乎(hū )汉(hàn )之(zhī )取(qǔ )秦(qín )也(yě )。至(zhì )于(yú )晋(jìn )也(yě )，则(zé )不(bú )然(rán )。自(zì )司(sī )马(mǎ )仲(zhòng )达(dá )已(yǐ )韬(tāo )藏(cáng )祸(huò )奸(jiān )于(yú )操(cāo )之(zhī )世(shì )，操(cāo )尝(cháng )悟(wù )之(zhī )而(ér )不(bú )自(zì )决(jué )也(yě )，以(yǐ )授(shòu )之(zhī )于(yú )丕(pī )。而(ér )丕(pī )昏(hūn )弱(ruò )，加(jiā )全(quán )佑(yòu )而(ér )倚(yǐ )任(rèn )之(zhī )。故(gù )其(qí )于(yú )操(cāo )之(zhī )亡(wáng )，乃(nǎi )稍(shāo )骎(qīn )以(yǐ )立(lì )其(qí )盗(dào )权(quán )之(zhī )功(gōng )，遂(suí )收(shōu )其(qí )权(quán )而(ér )私(sī )制(zhì )之(zhī )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )盗(dào )权(quán )之(zhī )功(gōng )者(zhě )，盖(gài )东(dōng )定(dìng )辽(liáo )东(dōng )而(ér )取(qǔ )孟(mèng )达(dá )，南(nán )摧(cuī )王(wáng )凌(líng )而(ér )内(nèi )诛(zhū )曹(cáo )爽(shuǎng )耳(ěr )。非(fēi )有(yǒu )存(cún )其(qí )既(jì )亡(wáng )，续(xù )其(qí )既(jì )绝(jué )之(zhī )大(dà )勋(xūn )，若(ruò )魏(wèi )之(zhī )于(yú )汉(hàn )也(yě )。盖(gài )知(zhī )夫(fū )魏(wèi )之(zhī )取(qǔ )汉(hàn )，其(qí )道(dào )由(yóu )此(cǐ )也(yě )。是(shì )以(yǐ )汲(jí )汲(jí )求(qiú )蹈(dǎo )其(qí )迹(jì )，而(ér )窃(qiè )收(shōu )其(qí )权(quán )，更(gèng )四(sì )世(shì )而(ér )固(gù )执(zhí )之(zhī )。至(zhì )于(yú )一(yī )旦(dàn )取(qǔ )魏(wèi )于(yú )偃(yǎn )然(rán )无(wú )事(shì )之(zhī )间(jiān )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )之(zhī )人(rén )亦(yì )安(ān )之(zhī )于(yú )无(wú )可(kě )奈(nài )何(hé )，是(shì )最(zuì )为(wéi )无(wú )名(míng )，而(ér )有(yǒu )类(lèi )夫(fū )王(wáng )莽(mǎng )之(zhī )盗(dào )汉(hàn )也(yě )。及(jí )夫(fū )晋(jìn )之(zhī )宗(zōng )室(shì )内(nèi )叛(pàn )，烽(fēng )烟(yān )外(wài )起(qǐ )，至(zhì )于(yú )陵(líng )夷(yí )而(ér )不(bú )可(kě )胜(shèng )叹(tàn )者(zhě )，亦(yì )魏(wèi )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )遗(yí )之(zhī )。魏(wèi )亡(wáng )公(gōng )族(zú )之(zhī )恩(ēn )，虽(suī )号(hào )加(jiā )侯(hóu )王(wáng )，而(ér )无(wú )尺(chǐ )土(tǔ )一(yī )民(mín )之(zhī )奉(fèng )。晋(jìn )人(rén )取(qǔ )而(ér )代(dài )之(zhī )，矫(jiǎo )其(qí )无(wú )枝(zhī )叶(yè )之(zhī )庇(bì )，于(yú )是(shì )大(dà )殖(zhí )宗(zōng )室(shì )，假(jiǎ )之(zhī )制(zhì )兵(bīng )专(zhuān )国(guó )之(zhī )权(quán )。一(yī )旦(dàn )八(bā )王(wáng )内(nèi )相(xiàng )屠(tú )噬(shì )，至(zhì )于(yú )祸(huò )结(jié )不(bú )可(kě )胜(shèng )解(jiě )，而(ér )群(qún )盗(dào )乘(chéng )之(zhī )关(guān )右(yòu )、秦(qín )川(chuān )帝(dì )王(wáng )之(zhī )宅(zhái )也(yě )。魏(wèi )武(wǔ )大(dà )徙(xǐ )西(xī )北(běi )之(zhī )众(zhòng )而(ér )错(cuò )居(jū )之(zhī )，以(yǐ )捍(hàn )蜀(shǔ )寇(kòu )。至(zhì )于(yú )近(jìn )发(fā )肘(zhǒu )腋(yè )，不(bú )可(kě )胜(shèng )救(jiù )，以(yǐ )成(chéng )永(yǒng )嘉(jiā )之(zhī )祸(huò )。由(yóu )是(shì )观(guān )之(zhī )，则(zé )凡(fán )晋(jìn )室(shì )之(zhī )大(dà )变(biàn )，皆(jiē )魏(wèi )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )遗(yí )之(zhī )。呜(wū )呼(hū )！岂(qǐ )亦(yì )天(tiān )意(yì )者(zhě )耶(yē )？

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