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(小(xiǎo )数(shù )，小(xiǎo )数(shù ))

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1.小(xiǎo )技(jì )艺(yì )。

《孟(mèng )子(zǐ )·告(gào )子(zǐ )上(shàng )》：“今(jīn )夫(fū )奕(yì )之(zhī )为(wéi )数(shù )，小(xiǎo )数(shù )也(yě )。”

朱(zhū )熹(xī )集(jí )注(zhù )：“数(shù )，技(jì )也(yě )。”

《淮(huái )南(nán )子(zǐ )·原(yuán )道(dào )训(xùn )》：“夫(fū )释(shì )大(dà )道(dào )而(ér )任(rèn )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，无(wú )以(yǐ )异(yì )于(yú )使(shǐ )蟹(xiè )捕(bǔ )鼠(shǔ )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )洵(xún )《上(shàng )皇(huáng )帝(dì )书(shū )》：“臣(chén )闻(wén )古(gǔ )者(zhě )之(zhī )制(zhì )，爵(jué )禄(lù )必(bì )皆(jiē )孝(xiào )悌(tì )忠(zhōng )信(xìn )，脩(yǒu )絜(jié )博(bó )习(xí )，闻(wén )于(yú )乡(xiāng )党(dǎng )而(ér )达(dá )于(yú )朝(cháo )廷(tíng )以(yǐ )得(dé )之(zhī )；及(jí )其(qí )后(hòu )世(shì )不(bú )然(rán )，曲(qǔ )艺(yì )小(xiǎo )数(shù )皆(jiē )可(kě )以(yǐ )进(jìn )。”

2.术(shù )数(shù )。泛(fàn )指(zhǐ )阴(yīn )阳(yáng )卜(bo )筮(shì )、鬼(guǐ )神(shén )仙(xiān )道(dào )、祈(qí )禳(ráng )厌(yàn )胜(shèng )之(zhī )类(lèi )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·艺(yì )文(wén )志(zhì )》：“阴(yīn )阳(yáng )家(jiā )者(zhě )流(liú )，盖(gài )出(chū )于(yú )羲(xī )和(hé )之(zhī )官(guān )，敬(jìng )顺(shùn )昊(hào )天(tiān )，曆(lì )象(xiàng )日(rì )月(yuè )星(xīng )辰(chén )，敬(jìng )授(shòu )民(mín )时(shí )，此(cǐ )其(qí )所(suǒ )长(zhǎng )也(yě )。及(jí )拘(jū )者(zhě )为(wéi )之(zhī )，则(zé )牵(qiān )于(yú )禁(jìn )忌(jì )，泥(ní )于(yú )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，舍(shě )人(rén )事(shì )而(ér )任(rèn )鬼(guǐ )神(shén )。”

《北(běi )史(shǐ )·隋(suí )纪(jì )上(shàng )》：“﹝隋(suí )高(gāo )祖(zǔ )﹞雅(yǎ )性(xìng )沉(chén )猜(cāi )，素(sù )无(wú )学(xué )术(shù )，好(hǎo )为(wéi )小(xiǎo )数(shù )。言(yán )神(shén )烛(zhú )圣(shèng )杖(zhàng )，堪(kān )能(néng )疗(liáo )病(bìng )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《寄(jì )题(tí )清(qīng )溪(xī )寺(sì )》诗(shī )：“遗(yí )书(shū )今(jīn )未(wèi )亡(wáng )，小(xiǎo )数(shù )不(bú )足(zú )观(guān )。”

3.小(xiǎo )手(shǒu )段(duàn )。

宋(sòng )田(tián )况(kuàng )《儒(rú )林(lín )公(gōng )议(yì )》卷(juàn )上(shàng )：“吕(lǚ )夷(yí )简(jiǎn )、王(wáng )曾(céng )同(tóng )在(zài )相(xiàng )府(fǔ )，曾(céng )公(gōng )忠(zhōng )守(shǒu )道(dào )，夷(yí )简(jiǎn )专(zhuān )用(yòng )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，笼(lóng )引(yǐn )党(dǎng )类(lèi )。”

明(míng )叶(yè )盛(shèng )《水(shuǐ )东(dōng )日(rì )记(jì )·土(tǔ )木(mù )六(liù )科(kē )点(diǎn )差(chà )》：“死(sǐ )生(shēng )荣(róng )辱(rǔ )，固(gù )自(zì )有(yǒu )定(dìng )，私(sī )智(zhì )小(xiǎo )数(shù )之(zhī )人(rén )，乃(nǎi )欲(yù )以(yǐ )区(qū )区(qū )心(xīn )力(lì )胜(shèng )之(zhī )，不(bú )亦(yì )愚(yú )乎(hū )！”

4.细(xì )微(wēi )末(mò )节(jiē )，指(zhǐ )无(wú )关(guān )宏(hóng )旨(zhǐ )的(de )学(xué )问(wèn )。

《隋(suí )书(shū )·经(jīng )籍(jí )志(zhì )一(yī )》：“至(zhì )于(yú )战(zhàn )国(guó )，典(diǎn )文(wén )遗(yí )弃(qì )，六(liù )经(jīng )之(zhī )儒(rú )，不(bú )能(néng )究(jiū )其(qí )宗(zōng )旨(zhǐ )，多(duō )立(lì )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，一(yī )经(jīng )至(zhì )数(shù )百(bǎi )万(wàn )言(yán )，致(zhì )令(lìng )学(xué )者(zhě )难(nán )晓(xiǎo )。”

唐(táng )刘(liú )知(zhī )几(jǐ )《史(shǐ )通(tōng )·题(tí )目(mù )》：“苟(gǒu )忘(wàng )彼(bǐ )大(dà )体(tǐ )，好(hǎo )兹(zī )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，难(nán )与(yǔ )议(yì )夫(fū )‘婉(wǎn )而(ér )成(chéng )章(zhāng )’，‘一(yī )字(zì )以(yǐ )为(wéi )褒(bāo )贬(biǎn )’者(zhě )矣(yǐ )。”

5.小(xiǎo )数(shù )额(é )。

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《论(lùn )积(jī )欠(qiàn )六(liù )事(shì )四(sì )事(shì )状(zhuàng )》：“其(qí )间(jiān )界(jiè )满(mǎn )，无(wú )人(rén )承(chéng )买(mǎi )场(chǎng )务(wù )，只(zhī )勒(lè )见(jiàn )开(kāi )沽(gū )人(rén )认(rèn )纳(nà )过(guò )日(rì )钱(qián )数(shù )者(zhě )，即(jí )无(wú )由(yóu )分(fèn )界(jiè )，见(jiàn )得(dé )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )不(bú )该(gāi )上(shàng )条(tiáo )除(chú )放(fàng )。”

《二(èr )十(shí )年(nián )目(mù )睹(dǔ )之(zhī )怪(guài )现(xiàn )状(zhuàng )》第(dì )六(liù )十(shí )回(huí )：“甚(shèn )至(zhì )那(nà )捐(juān )助(zhù )的(de )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，自(zì )一(yī )元(yuán )几(jǐ )角(jiǎo )至(zhì )几(jǐ )十(shí )元(yuán )，那(nà )彀(gòu )不(bú )上(shàng )请(qǐng )奖(jiǎng )的(de )，拿(ná )了(le )钱(qián )出(chū )来(lái )就(jiù )完(wán )了(le )，谁(shuí )还(hái )管(guǎn )他(tā )。”

6.数(shù )学(xué )名(míng )词(cí )。十(shí )进(jìn )位(wèi )小(xiǎo )数(shù )的(de )简(jiǎn )称(chēng )。对(duì )整(zhěng )数(shù )而(ér )言(yán )，即(jí )小(xiǎo )于(yú )个(gè )位(wèi )之(zhī )数(shù )。

II

稍(shāo )快(kuài )。

清(qīng )陈(chén )确(què )《脉(mò )变(biàn )记(jì )》：“每(měi )日(rì )亦(yì )必(bì )早(zǎo )晨(chén )小(xiǎo )数(shù )，午(wǔ )后(hòu )平(píng )缓(huǎn )。”此(cǐ )指(zhǐ )脉(mò )搏(bó )。

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