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(先(xiān )师(shī )，先(xiān )师(shī ))

1.前(qián )辈(bèi )老(lǎo )师(shī )。

《礼(lǐ )记(jì )·文(wén )王(wáng )世(shì )子(zǐ )》：“凡(fán )学(xué )，春(chūn )官(guān )释(shì )奠(diàn )于(yú )其(qí )先(xiān )师(shī )，秋(qiū )冬(dōng )亦(yì )如(rú )之(zhī )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )：“《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )》曰(yuē )：‘凡(fán )有(yǒu )道(dào )者(zhě )、有(yǒu )德(dé )者(zhě )使(shǐ )教(jiāo )焉(yān )，死(sǐ )则(zé )以(yǐ )为(wéi )乐(lè )祖(zǔ )，祭(jì )于(yú )瞽(gǔ )宗(zōng )。’此(cǐ )之(zhī )谓(wèi )先(xiān )师(shī )之(zhī )类(lèi )也(yě )。”

孙(sūn )希(xī )旦(dàn )集(jí )解(jiě )：“承(chéng )先(xiān )圣(shèng )之(zhī )所(suǒ )作(zuò )以(yǐ )教(jiāo )于(yú )大(dà )学(xué )者(zhě )，先(xiān )师(shī )也(yě )，若(ruò )伯(bó )夷(yí )、后(hòu )夔(kuí )是(shì )也(yě )。”

《孟(mèng )子(zǐ )·离(lí )娄(lóu )上(shàng )》：“是(shì )犹(yóu )弟(dì )子(zǐ )而(ér )耻(chǐ )受(shòu )命(mìng )于(yú )先(xiān )师(shī )也(yě )。”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·刘(liú )歆(xīn )传(chuán )》：“至(zhì )孝(xiào )武(wǔ )皇(huáng )帝(dì )，然(rán )后(hòu )邹(zōu )、鲁(lǔ )、梁(liáng )、赵(zhào )颇(pō )有(yǒu )《诗(shī )》、《礼(lǐ )》、《春(chūn )秋(qiū )》先(xiān )师(shī )，皆(jiē )起(qǐ )于(yú )建(jiàn )元(yuán )之(zhī )间(jiān )。”

颜(yán )师(shī )古(gǔ )注(zhù )：“前(qián )学(xué )之(zhī )师(shī )也(yě )。”

唐(táng )吴(wú )兢(jīng )《贞(zhēn )观(guān )政(zhèng )要(yào )·论(lùn )崇(chóng )儒(rú )学(xué )》：“以(yǐ )仲(zhòng )尼(ní )为(wéi )先(xiān )圣(shèng )，以(yǐ )颜(yán )子(zǐ )为(wéi )先(xiān )师(shī )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《集(jí )外(wài )集(jí )·渡(dù )河(hé )与(yǔ )引(yǐn )路(lù )》：“倘(tǎng )若(ruò )思(sī )想(xiǎng )照(zhào )旧(jiù )，便(biàn )仍(réng )然(rán )换(huàn )牌(pái )不(bú )换(huàn )货(huò )；才(cái )从(cóng )‘四(sì )目(mù )仓(cāng )圣(shèng )’面(miàn )前(qián )爬(pá )起(qǐ )，又(yòu )向(xiàng )‘柴(chái )明(míng )华(huá )先(xiān )师(shī )’脚(jiǎo )下(xià )跪(guì )倒(dǎo )。”

2.指(zhǐ )已(yǐ )故(gù )的(de )老(lǎo )师(shī )。

清(qīng )李(lǐ )赓(gēng )芸(yún )《炳(bǐng )烛(zhú )编(biān )·刚(gāng )健(jiàn )笃(dǔ )实(shí )》：“先(xiān )师(shī )钱(qián )詹(zhān )事(shì )答(dá )问(wèn )及(jí )王(wáng )通(tōng )政(zhèng )《经(jīng )义(yì )述(shù )闻(wén )》，皆(jiē )从(cóng )郑(zhèng )读(dú )，以(yǐ )‘煇(huí )光(guāng )日(rì )新(xīn )’为(wéi )句(jù )，徵(zhēng )引(yǐn )甚(shèn )详(xiáng )。”

3.称(chēng )孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )。

晋(jìn )陶(táo )潜(qián )《癸(guǐ )卯(mǎo )岁(suì )始(shǐ )春(chūn )怀(huái )古(gǔ )田(tián )舍(shě )》诗(shī )之(zhī )二(èr )：“先(xiān )师(shī )有(yǒu )遗(yí )训(xùn )，忧(yōu )道(dào )不(bú )忧(yōu )贫(pín )。”

唐(táng )张(zhāng )说(shuō )《孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )堂(táng )杜(dù )预(yù )赞(zàn )》：“开(kāi )我(wǒ )后(hòu )学(xué )，从(cóng )事(shì )先(xiān )师(shī )。”

明(míng )陈(chén )汝(rǔ )元(yuán )《金(jīn )莲(lián )记(jì )·构(gòu )衅(xìn )》：“昔(xī )者(zhě )吾(wú )先(xiān )师(shī )大(dà )成(chéng )至(zhì )圣(shèng )孔(kǒng )夫(fū )子(zǐ )于(yú )是(shì )日(rì )哭(kū )则(zé )不(bú )歌(gē )。”

清(qīng )周(zhōu )亮(liàng )工(gōng )《与(yǔ )陈(chén )琪(qí )园(yuán )书(shū )》：“当(dāng )祖(zǔ )述(shù )先(xiān )师(shī )删(shān )诗(shī )之(zhī )意(yì )，尽(jìn )删(shān )其(qí )姓(xìng )名(míng )，而(ér )独(dú )存(cún )其(qí )诗(shī )。”

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