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(违(wéi )谏(jiàn )，违(wéi )谏(jiàn ))

1.违(wéi )式(shì )进(jìn )谏(jiàn )。

《书(shū )·胤(yìn )征(zhēng )》“官(guān )师(shī )相(xiàng )规(guī )，工(gōng )执(zhí )艺(yì )事(shì )以(yǐ )谏(jiàn )。其(qí )或(huò )不(bú )恭(gōng )，则(zé )有(yǒu )常(cháng )刑(xíng )”唐(táng )孔(kǒng )颖(yǐng )达(dá )疏(shū )：“百(bǎi )工(gōng )虽(suī )贱(jiàn )，令(lìng )执(zhí )其(qí )艺(yì )能(néng )之(zhī )事(shì )以(yǐ )谏(jiàn )上(shàng )之(zhī )失(shī )常(cháng )。其(qí )有(yǒu )违(wéi )谏(jiàn )不(bú )恭(gōng )谨(jǐn )者(zhě )，国(guó )家(jiā )则(zé )有(yǒu )常(cháng )刑(xíng )。”

2.不(bú )听(tīng )进(jìn )谏(jiàn )。

《东(dōng )周(zhōu )列(liè )国(guó )志(zhì )》第(dì )十(shí )七(qī )回(huí )：“鬻(yù )拳(quán )曰(yuē )：‘王(wáng )虽(suī )赦(shè )臣(chén )，臣(chén )何(hé )敢(gǎn )自(zì )捨(shě )？’即(jí )以(yǐ )佩(pèi )刀(dāo )自(zì )断(duàn )其(qí )足(zú )，大(dà )呼(hū )曰(yuē )：‘人(rén )臣(chén )有(yǒu )无(wú )礼(lǐ )于(yú )君(jūn )者(zhě )，视(shì )此(cǐ )！’楚(chǔ )王(wáng )命(mìng )藏(cáng )其(qí )足(zú )于(yú )大(dà )府(fǔ )，‘以(yǐ )识(shí )孤(gū )违(wéi )谏(jiàn )之(zhī )过(guò )！’”

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●违谏（简体版）