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1.认(rèn )识(shí )事(shì )物(wù )在(zài )众(zhòng )人(rén )之(zhī )前(qián )。

《孙(sūn )子(zǐ )·用(yòng )间(jiān )》：“故(gù )明(míng )君(jūn )贤(xián )将(jiāng )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )动(dòng )而(ér )胜(shèng )人(rén )，成(chéng )功(gōng )出(chū )于(yú )众(zhòng )者(zhě )，先(xiān )知(zhī )也(yě )。”

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·龟(guī )策(cè )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“圣(shèng )能(néng )先(xiān )知(zhī )亟(jí )见(jiàn )，而(ér )不(bú )能(néng )令(lìng )卫(wèi )平(píng )无(wú )言(yán )。”

《北(běi )齐(qí )书(shū )·蔡(cài )俊(jùn )传(chuán )》：“﹝俊(jùn )﹞与(yǔ )辽(liáo )西(xī )段(duàn )长(zhǎng )、太(tài )原(yuán )庞(páng )苍(cāng )鹰(yīng )俱(jù )有(yǒu )先(xiān )知(zhī )之(zhī )鉴(jiàn )。”

清(qīng )昭(zhāo )槤(lián )《啸(xiào )亭(tíng )杂(zá )录(lù )·朱(zhū )文(wén )正(zhèng )》：“时(shí )鲍(bào )双(shuāng )五(wǔ )病(bìng )剧(jù )，余(yú )向(xiàng )公(gōng )惋(wǎn )惜(xī )，公(gōng )岸(àn )然(rán )曰(yuē )：‘彼(bǐ )禄(lù )命(mìng )方(fāng )长(zhǎng )，安(ān )得(dé )骤(zhòu )死(sǐ )？’若(ruò )实(shí )有(yǒu )先(xiān )知(zhī )者(zhě )。”

2.认(rèn )识(shí )事(shì )物(wù )在(zài )众(zhòng )人(rén )之(zhī )前(qián )的(de )人(rén )。

《孟(mèng )子(zǐ )·万(wàn )章(zhāng )下(xià )》：“天(tiān )之(zhī )生(shēng )斯(sī )民(mín )也(yě )，使(shǐ )先(xiān )知(zhī )觉(jiào )后(hòu )知(zhī )，使(shǐ )先(xiān )觉(jiào )觉(jiào )后(hòu )觉(jiào )。”

《文(wén )选(xuǎn )·郭(guō )璞(pú )＜江(jiāng )赋(fù )＞》“纳(nà )隐(yǐn )沦(lún )之(zhī )列(liè )真(zhēn )，挺(tǐng )异(yì )人(rén )乎(hū )精(jīng )魄(pò )”李(lǐ )善(shàn )注(zhù )引(yǐn )汉(hàn )桓(huán )谭(tán )《新(xīn )论(lùn )》：“天(tiān )下(xià )神(shén )人(rén )五(wǔ )：一(yī )曰(yuē )神(shén )仙(xiān )，二(èr )曰(yuē )隐(yǐn )沦(lún )，三(sān )曰(yuē )使(shǐ )鬼(guǐ )物(wù )，四(sì )曰(yuē )先(xiān )知(zhī )，五(wǔ )曰(yuē )铸(zhù )凝(níng )。”

3.宗(zōng )教(jiāo )中(zhōng )指(zhǐ )受(shòu )神(shén )启(qǐ )示(shì )而(ér )传(chuán )达(dá )神(shén )的(de )意(yì )旨(zhǐ )或(huò )预(yù )言(yán )未(wèi )来(lái )的(de )人(rén )。

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