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(观(guān )察(chá )，观(guān )察(chá ))

1.审(shěn )视(shì )；视(shì )察(chá )；察(chá )看(kàn )。

《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )·地(dì )官(guān )·司(sī )谏(jiàn )》：“司(sī )谏(jiàn )，掌(zhǎng )纠(jiū )万(wàn )民(mín )之(zhī )德(dé )而(ér )劝(quàn )之(zhī )朋(péng )友(yǒu )，正(zhèng )其(qí )行(háng )而(ér )强(qiáng )之(zhī )道(dào )艺(yì )，巡(xún )问(wèn )而(ér )观(guān )察(chá )之(zhī )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·应(yīng )劭(shào )传(chuán )》：“虽(suī )未(wèi )足(zú )纲(gāng )纪(jì )国(guó )体(tǐ )，宣(xuān )洽(qià )时(shí )雍(yōng )，庶(shù )几(jǐ )观(guān )察(chá )，增(zēng )阐(chǎn )圣(shèng )听(tīng )。”

唐(táng )玄(xuán )奘(zàng )《大(dà )唐(táng )西(xī )域(yù )记(jì )·瞿(qú )萨(sà )旦(dàn )那(nà )国(guó )》：“王(wáng )遂(suí )命(mìng )驾(jià )，躬(gōng )往(wǎng )观(guān )察(chá )，既(jì )睹(dǔ )明(míng )贤(xián )，心(xīn )乃(nǎi )祗(zhī )敬(jìng )。”

清(qīng )王(wáng )韬(tāo )《＜火(huǒ )器(qì )略(luè )说(shuō )＞后(hòu )跋(bá )》：“时(shí )中(zhōng )丞(chéng )方(fāng )有(yǒu )观(guān )察(chá )苏(sū )松(sōng )之(zhī )命(mìng )，亟(jí )欲(yù )招(zhāo )余(yú )一(yī )往(wǎng )。”

陈(chén )其(qí )通(tōng )《万(wàn )水(shuǐ )千(qiān )山(shān )》第(dì )三(sān )幕(mù )：“部(bù )队(duì )来(lái )到(dào )赤(chì )水(shuǐ )河(hé )边(biān )停(tíng )住(zhù )。

李(lǐ )有(yǒu )国(guó )、罗(luó )顺(shùn )成(chéng )登(dēng )上(shàng )巨(jù )石(shí )观(guān )察(chá )情(qíng )况(kuàng )。”

2.官(guān )名(míng )。

唐(táng )代(dài )于(yú )不(bú )设(shè )节(jiē )度(dù )使(shǐ )的(de )区(qū )域(yù )设(shè )观(guān )察(chá )使(shǐ )，省(shěng )称(chēng )“观(guān )察(chá )”，为(wéi )州(zhōu )以(yǐ )上(shàng )的(de )长(zhǎng )官(guān )。

宋(sòng )代(dài )观(guān )察(chá )使(shǐ )实(shí )为(wéi )虚(xū )衔(xián )。

清(qīng )代(dài )作(zuò )为(wéi )对(duì )道(dào )员(yuán )的(de )尊(zūn )称(chēng )。

唐(táng )韩(hán )愈(yù )《论(lùn )变(biàn )盐(yán )法(fǎ )事(shì )宜(yí )状(zhuàng )》：“其(qí )馀(yú )观(guān )察(chá )及(jí )诸(zhū )州(zhōu )刺(cì )史(shǐ )、县(xiàn )令(lìng )、录(lù )事(shì )、参(cān )军(jūn )多(duō )至(zhì )每(měi )月(yuè )五(wǔ )十(shí )千(qiān )。”

宋(sòng )何(hé )薳(wěi )《春(chūn )渚(zhǔ )纪(jì )闻(wén )·谢(xiè )石(shí )拆(chāi )字(zì )》：“石(shí )见(jiàn )字(zì )即(jí )端(duān )视(shì )中(zhōng )贵(guì )人(rén )曰(yuē )：‘此(cǐ )非(fēi )观(guān )察(chá )所(suǒ )书(shū )也(yě )。’”康(kāng )有(yǒu )为(wéi )《＜日(rì )本(běn )杂(zá )事(shì )诗(shī )＞序(xù )》：“吾(wú )友(yǒu )嘉(jiā )应(yīng )黄(huáng )观(guān )察(chá )公(gōng )度(dù )，壮(zhuàng )使(shǐ )日(rì )本(běn )。”参(cān )见(jiàn )“观(guān )察(chá )使(shǐ )”。

3.宋(sòng )元(yuán )时(shí )称(chēng )捕(bǔ )役(yì )。

宋(sòng )周(zhōu )密(mì )《癸(guǐ )辛(xīn )杂(zá )识(shí )前(qián )集(jí )·王(wáng )小(xiǎo )官(guān )人(rén )》：“建(jiàn )康(kāng )缉(jī )捕(bǔ )使(shǐ )臣(chén )汤(tāng )某(mǒu )者(zhě )，于(yú )侪(chái )辈(bèi )中(zhōng )着(zhe )能(néng )声(shēng )，盖(gài )群(qún )盗(dào )巨(jù )擘(bò )也(yě )。一(yī )日(rì )，有(yǒu )少(shǎo )年(nián )衣(yī )裳(shang )楚(chǔ )楚(chǔ )，背(bèi )负(fù )小(xiǎo )笈(jí )，投(tóu )汤(tāng )所(suǒ )居(jū )……汤(tāng )亦(yì )素(sù )知(zhī )其(qí )名(míng )，因(yīn )使(shǐ )小(xiǎo )憩(qì )。辞(cí )云(yún )：‘观(guān )察(chá )在(zài )此(cǐ )，不(bú )敢(gǎn )留(liú )，只(zhī )今(jīn )往(wǎng )和(hé )州(zhōu )，拟(nǐ )假(jiǎ )一(yī )力(lì )，负(fù )至(zhì )东(dōng )阳(yáng )镇(zhèn )问(wèn )渡(dù )。’”

《二(èr )刻(kè )拍(pāi )桉(ān )惊(jīng )奇(qí )》卷(juàn )五(wǔ )：“﹝大(dà )尹(yǐn )﹞即(jí )唤(huàn )过(guò )当(dāng )日(rì )缉(jī )捕(bǔ )使(shǐ )臣(chén )何(hé )观(guān )察(chá )分(fèn )付(fù )道(dào )：‘今(jīn )日(rì )奉(fèng )到(dào )密(mì )旨(zhǐ )，限(xiàn )你(nǐ )三(sān )日(rì )内(nèi )要(yào )拿(ná )元(yuán )宵(xiāo )夜(yè )做(zuò )不(bú )是(shì )的(de )一(yī )伙(huǒ )人(rén )。’”清(qīng )陈(chén )其(qí )元(yuán )《庸(yōng )闲(xián )斋(zhāi )笔(bǐ )记(jì )·历(lì )代(dài )官(guān )名(míng )官(guān )制(zhì )之(zhī )同(tóng )异(yì )》：“﹝僕(pú )﹞则(zé )曰(yuē )：‘观(guān )察(chá )者(zhě )，捕(bǔ )役(yì )之(zhī )别(bié )名(míng )也(yě )。’众(zhòng )皆(jiē )不(bú )解(jiě )，则(zé )持(chí )《水(shuǐ )浒(hǔ )传(chuán )》‘缉(jī )捕(bǔ )使(shǐ )臣(chén )何(hé )观(guān )察(chá )’为(wéi )证(zhèng )。虽(suī )群(qún )嗤(chī )其(qí )妄(wàng )，然(rán )元(yuán )明(míng )之(zhī )际(jì )，称(chēng )捕(bǔ )役(yì )为(wéi )观(guān )察(chá )亦(yì )实(shí )有(yǒu )此(cǐ )名(míng )矣(yǐ )。”

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