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(陆(lù )沉(chén )，陆(lù )沉(chén ))

亦(yì )作(zuò )“陆(lù )沉(chén )”。

1.陆(lù )地(dì )无(wú )水(shuǐ )而(ér )沉(chén )。比(bǐ )喻(yù )隐(yǐn )居(jū )。

《庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )·则(zé )阳(yáng )》：“方(fāng )且(qiě )与(yǔ )世(shì )违(wéi )而(ér )心(xīn )不(bú )屑(xiè )与(yǔ )之(zhī )俱(jù )，是(shì )陆(lù )沉(chén )者(zhě )也(yě )。”

郭(guō )象(xiàng )注(zhù )：“人(rén )中(zhōng )隐(yǐn )者(zhě )，譬(pì )无(wú )水(shuǐ )而(ér )沉(chén )也(yě )。”

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·滑(huá )稽(jī )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“时(shí )坐(zuò )席(xí )中(zhōng )，酒(jiǔ )酣(hān )，据(jù )地(dì )歌(gē )曰(yuē )：‘陆(lù )沉(chén )于(yú )俗(sú )，避(bì )世(shì )金(jīn )马(mǎ )门(mén )。’”司(sī )马(mǎ )贞(zhēn )索(suǒ )隐(yǐn )引(yǐn )司(sī )马(mǎ )彪(biāo )曰(yuē )：“谓(wèi )无(wú )水(shuǐ )而(ér )沉(chén )也(yě )。”

北(běi )周(zhōu )庾(yǔ )信(xìn )《幽(yōu )居(jū )值(zhí )春(chūn )》诗(shī )：“山(shān )人(rén )久(jiǔ )陆(lù )沉(chén )，幽(yōu )迳(jìng )忽(hū )春(chūn )临(lín )。”

明(míng )唐(táng )寅(yín )《赠(zèng )南(nán )野(yě )》诗(shī )：“我(wǒ )亦(yì )陆(lù )沉(chén )斯(sī )世(shì )者(zhě )，买(mǎi )邻(lín )何(hé )日(rì )许(xǔ )相(xiàng )陪(péi )？”

2.指(zhǐ )隐(yǐn )逸(yì )之(zhī )士(shì )。

唐(táng )白(bái )居(jū )易(yì )《送(sòng )张(zhāng )南(nán )简(jiǎn )入(rù )蜀(shǔ )》诗(shī )：“昨(zuó )日(rì )诏(zhào )书(shū )下(xià )，求(qiú )贤(xián )访(fǎng )陆(lù )沉(chén )。”

3.比(bǐ )喻(yù )埋(mái )没(méi )，不(bú )为(wéi )人(rén )知(zhī )。

唐(táng )王(wáng )维(wéi )《送(sòng )从(cóng )弟(dì )蕃(fān )游(yóu )淮(huái )南(nán )》诗(shī )：“高(gāo )义(yì )难(nán )自(zì )隐(yǐn )，明(míng )时(shí )宁(níng )陆(lù )沉(chén )。”

宋(sòng )周(zhōu )密(mì )《齐(qí )东(dōng )野(yě )语(yǔ )·范(fàn )公(gōng )石(shí )湖(hú )》：“吴(wú )台(tái )、越(yuè )垒(lěi )，距(jù )门(mén )纔(shān )十(shí )里(lǐ )，而(ér )陆(lù )沉(chén )于(yú )荒(huāng )烟(yān )野(yě )草(cǎo )者(zhě )千(qiān )七(qī )百(bǎi )年(nián )。”

清(qīng )钱(qián )谦(qiān )益(yì )《戊(wù )戌(xū )中(zhōng )元(yuán )寓(yù )僧(sēng )舍(shě )毒(dú )热(rè )如(rú )坐(zuò )甑(zèng )中(zhōng )偶(ǒu )见(jiàn )王(wáng )孟(mèng )端(duān )画(huà )竹(zhú )漫(màn )题(tí )二(èr )绝(jué )》之(zhī )二(èr )：“竹(zhú )埤(pí )梧(wú )垣(yuán )久(jiǔ )陆(lù )沉(chén )，舍(shě )人(rén )泼(pō )墨(mò )尚(shàng )萧(xiāo )森(sēn )。”

4.比(bǐ )喻(yù )国(guó )土(tǔ )沦(lún )陷(xiàn )于(yú )敌(dí )手(shǒu )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )宋(sòng )刘(liú )义(yì )庆(qìng )《世(shì )说(shuō )新(xīn )语(yǔ )·轻(qīng )诋(dǐ )》：“桓(huán )公(gōng )入(rù )洛(luò )，过(guò )淮(huái )泗(sì )，践(jiàn )北(běi )境(jìng )，与(yǔ )诸(zhū )僚(liáo )属(shǔ )登(dēng )平(píng )乘(chéng )楼(lóu )，眺(tiào )瞩(zhǔ )中(zhōng )原(yuán )，慨(kǎi )然(rán )曰(yuē )：‘遂(suí )使(shǐ )神(shén )州(zhōu )陆(lù )沉(chén )，百(bǎi )年(nián )丘(qiū )墟(xū )，王(wáng )夷(yí )甫(fǔ )诸(zhū )人(rén )，不(bú )得(dé )不(bú )任(rèn )其(qí )责(zé )！’”宋(sòng )陈(chén )经(jīng )国(guó )《沁(qìn )园(yuán )春(chūn )》词(cí )：“谁(shuí )使(shǐ )神(shén )州(zhōu )，百(bǎi )年(nián )陆(lù )沉(chén )，青(qīng )毡(zhān )未(wèi )还(hái )？”清(qīng )秋(qiū )瑾(jǐn )《感(gǎn )怀(huái )》诗(shī )：“莽(mǎng )莽(mǎng )神(shén )州(zhōu )歎(tàn )陆(lù )沉(chén )，救(jiù )时(shí )无(wú )计(jì )愧(kuì )偷(tōu )生(shēng )。”

5.愚(yú )昧(mèi )迂(yū )执(zhí )，不(bú )合(hé )时(shí )宜(yí )。

汉(hàn )王(wáng )充(chōng )《论(lùn )衡(héng )·谢(xiè )短(duǎn )》：“夫(fū )知(zhī )古(gǔ )不(bú )知(zhī )今(jīn )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )陆(lù )沉(chén )，然(rán )则(zé )儒(rú )生(shēng )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )陆(lù )沉(chén )者(zhě )也(yě )。”

晋(jìn )葛(gě )洪(hóng )《抱(bào )朴(pǔ )子(zǐ )·审(shěn )举(jǔ )》：“而(ér )凡(fán )夫(fū )浅(qiǎn )识(shí )，不(bú )辩(biàn )邪(xié )正(zhèng )，谓(wèi )守(shǒu )道(dào )者(zhě )为(wéi )陆(lù )沉(chén )，以(yǐ )履(lǚ )径(jìng )者(zhě )为(wéi )知(zhī )变(biàn )。”

6.谓(wèi )陆(lù )地(dì )沉(chén )入(rù )海(hǎi )底(dǐ )。

郭(guō )沫(mò )若(ruò )《星(xīng )空(kōng )·吴(wú )淞(sōng )堤(dī )上(shàng )》：“这(zhè )是(shì )世(shì )界(jiè )末(mò )日(rì )的(de )光(guāng )景(jǐng )，大(dà )陆(lù )，陆(lù )沉(chén )了(le )吗(ma )！”

《人(rén )民(mín )文(wén )学(xué )》1984年(nián )第(dì )1期(qī )：“身(shēn )后(hòu )的(de )荒(huāng )岛(dǎo )已(yǐ )经(jīng )消(xiāo )失(shī )，像(xiàng )是(shì )那(nà )里(lǐ )发(fā )生(shēng )了(le )陆(lù )沉(chén )，只(zhī )剩(shèng )下(xià )一(yī )片(piàn )澄(chéng )明(míng )的(de )海(hǎi )。”

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●陸沉（简体版）