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(外(wài )艰(jiān )，外(wài )艰(jiān ))

旧(jiù )指(zhǐ )父(fù )丧(sàng )或(huò )承(chéng )重(zhòng )祖(zǔ )父(fù )之(zhī )丧(sàng )。

唐(táng )杨(yáng )炯(jiǒng )《后(hòu )周(zhōu )青(qīng )州(zhōu )刺(cì )史(shǐ )齐(qí )贞(zhēn )公(gōng )宇(yǔ )文(wén )公(gōng )神(shén )道(dào )碑(bēi )》：“公(gōng )少(shǎo )丁(dīng )外(wài )艰(jiān )，州(zhōu )党(dǎng )称(chēng )其(qí )孝(xiào )。”

《林(lín )则(zé )徐(xú )日(rì )记(jì )·道(dào )光(guāng )十(shí )九(jiǔ )年(nián )元(yuán )月(yuè )十(shí )四(sì )日(rì )》：“﹝张(zhāng )浦(pǔ )云(yún )﹞署(shǔ )开(kāi )平(píng )化(huà )州(zhōu )，去(qù )年(nián )丁(dīng )外(wài )难(nán )归(guī )。”

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●外艰（简体版）