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1.通(tōng )晓(xiǎo )音(yīn )律(lǜ )。

《礼(lǐ )记(jì )·乐(lè )记(jì )》：“是(shì )故(gù )不(bú )知(zhī )声(shēng )者(zhě )不(bú )可(kě )与(yǔ )言(yán )音(yīn )，不(bú )知(zhī )音(yīn )者(zhě )不(bú )可(kě )与(yǔ )言(yán )乐(lè )，知(zhī )乐(lè )则(zé )几(jǐ )于(yú )礼(lǐ )矣(yǐ )。”

《太(tài )平(píng )御(yù )览(lǎn )》卷(juàn )五(wǔ )八(bā )一(yī )引(yǐn )汉(hàn )桓(huán )谭(tán )《新(xīn )论(lùn )》：“音(yīn )不(bú )通(tōng )千(qiān )曲(qǔ )以(yǐ )上(shàng )不(bú )足(zú )为(wéi )知(zhī )音(yīn )。”

宋(sòng )周(zhōu )邦(bāng )彦(yàn )《意(yì )难(nán )忘(wàng )》词(cí )：“知(zhī )音(yīn )见(jiàn )说(shuō )无(wú )双(shuāng )，解(jiě )移(yí )宫(gōng )换(huàn )羽(yǔ )，未(wèi )怕(pà )周(zhōu )郎(láng )。”

《醒(xǐng )世(shì )恒(héng )言(yán )·黄(huáng )秀(xiù )才(cái )徼(jiǎo )灵(líng )玉(yù )马(mǎ )坠(zhuì )》：“僖(xī )宗(zōng )皇(huáng )帝(dì )，妙(miào )选(xuǎn )天(tiān )下(xià )知(zhī )音(yīn )女(nǚ )子(zǐ )，入(rù )宫(gōng )供(gòng )奉(fèng )。”

2.《列(liè )子(zǐ )·汤(tāng )问(wèn )》载(zǎi )：伯(bó )牙(yá )善(shàn )鼓(gǔ )琴(qín )，锺(zhōng )子(zǐ )期(qī )善(shàn )听(tīng )琴(qín )。

伯(bó )牙(yá )琴(qín )音(yīn )志(zhì )在(zài )高(gāo )山(shān )，子(zǐ )期(qī )说(shuō )“峨(é )峨(é )兮(xī )若(ruò )泰(tài )山(shān )”；琴(qín )音(yīn )意(yì )在(zài )流(liú )水(shuǐ )，子(zǐ )期(qī )说(shuō )“洋(yáng )洋(yáng )兮(xī )若(ruò )江(jiāng )河(hé )”。

伯(bó )牙(yá )所(suǒ )念(niàn )，锺(zhōng )子(zǐ )期(qī )必(bì )得(dé )之(zhī )。后(hòu )世(shì )遂(suí )以(yǐ )“知(zhī )音(yīn )”比(bǐ )喻(yù )知(zhī )己(jǐ )，同(tóng )志(zhì )。

三(sān )国(guó )魏(wèi )曹(cáo )丕(pī )《与(yǔ )吴(wú )质(zhì )书(shū )》：“徐(xú )、陈(chén )、应(yīng )、刘(liú )，一(yī )时(shí )俱(jù )逝(shì )，痛(tòng )可(kě )言(yán )邪(xié )……伯(bó )牙(yá )绝(jué )絃(xuàn )于(yú )锺(zhōng )期(qī )，仲(zhòng )尼(ní )覆(fù )醢(hǎi )于(yú )子(zǐ )路(lù )，痛(tòng )知(zhī )音(yīn )之(zhī )难(nán )遇(yù )，伤(shāng )门(mén )人(rén )之(zhī )莫(mò )逮(dǎi )。”

唐(táng )杜(dù )甫(fǔ )《哭(kū )李(lǐ )常(cháng )侍(shì )峄(yì )》诗(shī )：“斯(sī )人(rén )不(bú )重(zhòng )见(jiàn )，将(jiāng )老(lǎo )失(shī )知(zhī )音(yīn )。”

明(míng )唐(táng )顺(shùn )之(zhī )《谢(xiè )病(bìng )赠(zèng )别(bié )高(gāo )参(cān )政(zhèng )》诗(shī )：“逝(shì )将(jiāng )归(guī )旧(jiù )林(lín )，复(fù )此(cǐ )别(bié )知(zhī )音(yīn )。”

浩(hào )然(rán )《艳(yàn )阳(yáng )天(tiān )》第(dì )六(liù )九(jiǔ )章(zhāng )：“﹝弯(wān )弯(wān )绕(rào )﹞可(kě )见(jiàn )到(dào )‘知(zhī )音(yīn )’了(le )，哪(nǎ )还(hái )肯(kěn )白(bái )白(bái )地(dì )放(fàng )过(guò )去(qù )呢(ne )？”

3.指(zhǐ )对(duì )作(zuò )品(pǐn )能(néng )深(shēn )刻(kè )理(lǐ )解(jiě )、正(zhèng )确(què )评(píng )价(jià )的(de )人(rén )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )刘(liú )勰(xié )《文(wén )心(xīn )凋(diāo )龙(lóng )·知(zhī )音(yīn )》：“音(yīn )实(shí )难(nán )知(zhī )，知(zhī )实(shí )难(nán )逢(féng )，逢(féng )其(qí )知(zhī )音(yīn )，千(qiān )载(zǎi )其(qí )一(yī )乎(hū )！”南(nán )唐(táng )李(lǐ )中(zhōng )《吉(jí )水(shuǐ )县(xiàn )依(yī )韵(yùn )酬(chóu )华(huá )松(sōng )秀(xiù )才(cái )见(jiàn )寄(jì )》：“诗(shī )情(qíng )冷(lěng )澹(dàn )知(zhī )音(yīn )少(shǎo )，独(dú )喜(xǐ )江(jiāng )皋(gāo )得(dé )见(jiàn )君(jūn )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《集(jí )外(wài )集(jí )拾(shí )遗(yí )·文(wén )艺(yì )的(de )大(dà )众(zhòng )化(huà )》：“倘(tǎng )若(ruò )说(shuō )，作(zuò )品(pǐn )愈(yù )高(gāo )，知(zhī )音(yīn )愈(yù )少(shǎo )。那(nà )么(me )，推(tuī )论(lùn )起(qǐ )来(lái )，谁(shuí )也(yě )不(bú )懂(dǒng )的(de )东(dōng )西(xī )，就(jiù )是(shì )世(shì )界(jiè )上(shàng )的(de )绝(jué )作(zuò )了(le )。”

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●知音（简体版）