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(发(fā )凡(fán )，发(fā )凡(fán ))

1.揭(jiē )示(shì )全(quán )书(shū )的(de )要(yào )旨(zhǐ )或(huò )体(tǐ )例(lì )。

晋(jìn )杜(dù )预(yù )《春(chūn )秋(qiū )经(jīng )传(chuán )集(jí )解(jiě )序(xù )》：“其(qí )发(fā )凡(fán )以(yǐ )言(yán )例(lì )，皆(jiē )经(jīng )国(guó )之(zhī )常(cháng )制(zhì )，周(zhōu )公(gōng )之(zhī )垂(chuí )法(fǎ )，史(shǐ )书(shū )之(zhī )旧(jiù )章(zhāng )。”

明(míng )宋(sòng )濂(lián )《吕(lǚ )氏(shì )采(cǎi )史(shǐ )目(mù )录(lù )序(xù )》：“于(yú )是(shì )礼(lǐ )部(bù )尚(shàng )书(shū )崔(cuī )亮(liàng )主(zhǔ )事(shì )，黄(huáng )肃(sù )与(yǔ )濂(lián )等(děng )发(fā )凡(fán )举(jǔ )例(lì )。”

清(qīng )叶(yè )廷(tíng )琯(gùn )《吹(chuī )网(wǎng )录(lù )·思(sī )辨(biàn )录(lù )辑(jí )要(yào )有(yǒu )旧(jiù )本(běn )》：“目(mù )录(lù )前(qián )有(yǒu )发(fā )凡(fán )，每(měi )类(lèi )目(mù )前(qián )复(fù )有(yǒu )小(xiǎo )序(xù )。”

2.用(yòng )作(zuò )书(shū )名(míng )，指(zhǐ )对(duì )某(mǒu )一(yī )学(xué )科(kē )的(de )一(yī )般(bān )介(jiè )绍(shào )，相(xiàng )当(dāng )于(yú )“概(gài )论(lùn )”。如(rú )陈(chén )望(wàng )道(dào )《修(xiū )辞(cí )学(xué )发(fā )凡(fán )》。

3.犹(yóu )言(yán )领(lǐng )悟(wù )要(yào )旨(zhǐ )。

清(qīng )朱(zhū )彝(yí )尊(zūn )《戏(xì )效(xiào )香(xiāng )奁(lián )体(tǐ )二(èr )十(shí )六(liù )韵(yùn )》：“点(diǎn )笔(bǐ )能(néng )成(chéng )阵(zhèn )，听(tīng )诗(shī )便(biàn )发(fā )凡(fán )。”

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