牛马牆
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(牛(niú )马(mǎ )牆(qiáng ),牛(niú )马(mǎ )墙(qiáng ))
明(míng )代(dài )开(kāi )始(shǐ )有(yǒu )的(de )一(yī )种(zhǒng )城(chéng )防(fáng )工(gōng )事(shì ),设(shè )在(zài )城(chéng )外(wài )与(yǔ )濠(háo )上(shàng ),有(yǒu )大(dà )小(xiǎo )铳(chòng )眼(yǎn ),敌(dí )来(lái )则(zé )击(jī )以(yǐ )铳(chòng )或(huò )炮(pào )。遇(yù )紧(jǐn )急(jí )情(qíng )况(kuàng )不(bú )敢(gǎn )开(kāi )城(chéng )门(mén )时(shí ),一(yī )应(yīng )避(bì )难(nán )的(de )人(rén )牛(niú )马(mǎ )之(zhī )类(lèi ),皆(jiē )可(kě )暂(zàn )于(yú )墙(qiáng )内(nèi )收(shōu )避(bì )。
清(qīng )魏(wèi )源(yuán )《城(chéng )守(shǒu )篇(piān )·守(shǒu )备(bèi )上(shàng )》:“若(ruò )夫(fū )牛(niú )马(mǎ )牆(qiáng )者(zhě ),则(zé )在(zài )城(chéng )外(wài )与(yǔ )濠(háo )上(shàng )。凡(fán )濠(háo )之(zhī )岸(àn ),不(bú )拘(jū )宽(kuān )狭(xiá ),狭(xiá )即(jí )丈(zhàng )许(xǔ ),宽(kuān )不(bú )踰(yáo )倍(bèi );其(qí )滨(bīn )为(wéi )牆(qiáng ),砖(zhuān )石(shí )随(suí )便(biàn )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )《古(gǔ )今(jīn )图(tú )书(shū )集(jí )成(chéng )·戎(róng )政(zhèng )典(diǎn )·攻(gōng )守(shǒu )诸(zhū )器(qì )》。
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