圩垸
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四(sì )围(wéi )筑(zhù )堤(dī ),以(yǐ )防(fáng )止(zhǐ )高(gāo )水(shuǐ )位(wèi )的(de )堤(dī )外(wài )水(shuǐ )侵(qīn )入(rù )的(de )低(dī )洼(wā )农(nóng )田(tián )。
长(zhǎng )江(jiāng )下(xià )游(yóu )称(chēng )为(wéi )圩(xū ),中(zhōng )游(yóu )称(chēng )为(wéi )垸(yuàn ),统(tǒng )称(chēng )圩(xū )垸(yuàn )。
清(qīng )魏(wèi )源(yuán )《湖(hú )北(běi )堤(dī )防(fáng )议(yì )》:“元(yuán )明(míng )以(yǐ )还(hái ),海(hǎi )堰(yàn )尽(jìn )占(zhàn )为(wéi )田(tián ),穴(xué )口(kǒu )止(zhǐ )存(cún )其(qí )二(èr ),隄(dī )防(fáng )夹(jiá )南(nán )北(běi )岸(àn )数(shù )百(bǎi )里(lǐ ),而(ér )下(xià )游(yóu )之(zhī )洞(dòng )庭(tíng ),又(yòu )多(duō )佔(zhàn )为(wéi )圩(xū )垸(yuàn ),容(róng )水(shuǐ )之(zhī )地(dì )尽(jìn )化(huà )为(wéi )阻(zǔ )水(shuǐ )之(zhī )区(qū )。”
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