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(凭(píng )臆(yì )，凭(píng )臆(yì ))

谓(wèi )凭(píng )主(zhǔ )观(guān )推(tuī )测(cè )立(lì )说(shuō )。

清(qīng )方(fāng )苞(bāo )《书(shū )辨(biàn )正(zhèng )＜周(zhōu )官(guān )＞＜戴(dài )记(jì )＞＜尚(shàng )书(shū )＞后(hòu )》：“世(shì )俗(sú )之(zhī )贸(mào )儒(rú )尚(shàng )或(huò )以(yǐ )经(jīng )说(shuō )惟(wéi )汉(hàn )儒(rú )为(wéi )有(yǒu )据(jù )，而(ér )诋(dǐ )程(chéng )朱(zhū )为(wéi )凭(píng )臆(yì )，非(fēi )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )失(shī )其(qí )本(běn )心(xīn )者(zhě )与(yǔ )？”清(qīng )包(bāo )世(shì )臣(chén )《读(dú )亭(tíng )林(lín )遗(yí )书(shū )》：“亭(tíng )林(lín )之(zhī )学(xué )，成(chéng )于(yú )责(zé )实(shí )；予(yǔ )之(zhī )学(xué )，出(chū )于(yú )导(dǎo )虚(xū )。使(shǐ )得(dé )周(zhōu )旋(xuán )几(jǐ )席(xí )，以(yǐ )上(shàng )下(xià )其(qí )论(lùn )议(yì )，则(zé )予(yǔ )可(kě )免(miǎn )凭(píng )臆(yì )之(zhī )讥(jī )，而(ér )亭(tíng )林(lín )亦(yì )少(shǎo )术(shù )疏(shū )之(zhī )诮(qiào )矣(yǐ )。”

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●凭臆（简体版）