散利
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古(gǔ )代(dài )十(shí )二(èr )荒(huāng )政(zhèng )之(zhī )一(yī )。指(zhǐ )遇(yù )到(dào )凶(xiōng )年(nián )官(guān )府(fǔ )借(jiè )给(gěi )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )种(zhǒng )子(zǐ )和(hé )粮(liáng )食(shí )。
《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )·地(dì )官(guān )·大(dà )司(sī )徒(tú )》:“以(yǐ )荒(huāng )政(zhèng )十(shí )有(yǒu )二(èr ),聚(jù )万(wàn )民(mín ),一(yī )曰(yuē )散(sàn )利(lì )。”
郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )引(yǐn )郑(zhèng )司(sī )农(nóng )曰(yuē ):“散(sàn )利(lì ),贷(dài )种(zhǒng )食(shí )也(yě )。”
贾(jiǎ )公(gōng )彦(yàn )疏(shū ):“散(sàn )利(lì ),贷(dài )种(zhǒng )食(shí )也(yě )者(zhě ),谓(wèi )丰(fēng )时(shí )敛(liǎn )之(zhī ),凶(xiōng )时(shí )散(sàn )之(zhī ),其(qí )民(mín )无(wú )者(zhě ),从(cóng )公(gōng )贷(dài )之(zhī ),或(huò )为(wéi )种(zhǒng )子(zǐ ),或(huò )为(wéi )食(shí )用(yòng ),至(zhì )秋(qiū )熟(shú )还(hái )公(gōng ),据(jù )公(gōng )家(jiā )为(wéi )散(sàn ),据(jù )民(mín )往(wǎng )取(qǔ )为(wéi )贷(dài ),故(gù )云(yún )散(sàn )利(lì )。”
清(qīng )黄(huáng )六(liù )鸿(hóng )《福(fú )惠(huì )全(quán )书(shū )·荒(huāng )政(zhèng )·除(chú )盗(dào )》:“故(gù )《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )》除(chú )盗(dào )贼(zéi )而(ér )必(bì )先(xiān )之(zhī )散(sàn )利(lì ),其(qí )亦(yì )有(yǒu )鉴(jiàn )于(yú )斯(sī )矣(yǐ )。”
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