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1.谓(wèi )不(bú )该(gāi )对(duì )某(mǒu )些(xiē )人(rén )说(shuō )某(mǒu )些(xiē )话(huà )。

《论(lùn )语(yǔ )·卫(wèi )灵(líng )公(gōng )》：“可(kě )与(yǔ )言(yán )而(ér )不(bú )与(yǔ )言(yán )，失(shī )人(rén )；不(bú )可(kě )与(yǔ )言(yán )而(ér )与(yǔ )之(zhī )言(yán )，失(shī )言(yán )。知(zhī )者(zhě )不(bú )失(shī )人(rén )，亦(yì )不(bú )失(shī )言(yán )。”

明(míng )李(lǐ )贽(zhì )《与(yǔ )耿(gěng )司(sī )寇(kòu )告(gào )别(bié )书(shū )》：“其(qí )馀(yú )诸(zhū )年(nián )少(shǎo )或(huò )聪(cōng )明(míng )未(wèi )启(qǐ )，或(huò )志(zhì )向(xiàng )未(wèi )专(zhuān )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )不(bú )可(kě )与(yǔ )言(yán )而(ér )与(yǔ )之(zhī )言(yán )则(zé )为(wéi )失(shī )言(yán )，此(cǐ )僕(pú )则(zé )无(wú )是(shì )矣(yǐ )。虽(suī )然(rán )，宁(níng )可(kě )失(shī )言(yán )，不(bú )可(kě )失(shī )人(rén )。”

2.出(chū )言(yán )失(shī )当(dāng )。

《战(zhàn )国(guó )策(cè )·魏(wèi )策(cè )四(sì )》：“﹝信(xìn )陵(líng )君(jūn )﹞使(shǐ )使(shǐ )者(zhě )谢(xiè )安(ān )陵(líng )君(jūn )曰(yuē )：‘无(wú )忌(jì )小(xiǎo )人(rén )也(yě )，困(kùn )于(yú )思(sī )虑(lǜ )，失(shī )言(yán )于(yú )君(jūn )，敢(gǎn )再(zài )拜(bài )释(shì )罪(zuì )。’”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·王(wáng )商(shāng )传(chuán )》：“上(shàng )于(yú )是(shì )美(měi )壮(zhuàng )商(shāng )之(zhī )固(gù )守(shǒu )，数(shù )称(chēng )其(qí )议(yì )。而(ér )凤(fèng )大(dà )惭(cán )，自(zì )恨(hèn )失(shī )言(yán )。”

《警(jǐng )世(shì )通(tōng )言(yán )·李(lǐ )谪(zhé )仙(xiān )醉(zuì )草(cǎo )吓(xià )蛮(mán )书(shū )》：“李(lǐ )白(bái )又(yòu )奏(zòu )道(dào )：‘臣(chén )有(yǒu )一(yī )言(yán )，乞(qǐ )陛(bì )下(xià )赦(shè )臣(chén )狂(kuáng )妄(wàng )，臣(chén )方(fāng )敢(gǎn )奏(zòu )。’天(tiān )子(zǐ )道(dào )：‘任(rèn )卿(qīng )失(shī )言(yán )，朕(zhèn )亦(yì )不(bú )罪(zuì )。’”如(rú )：这(zhè )时(shí )他(tā )已(yǐ )意(yì )识(shí )到(dào )自(zì )己(jǐ )刚(gāng )才(cái )失(shī )言(yán )了(le )，所(suǒ )以(yǐ )再(zài )也(yě )不(bú )开(kāi )口(kǒu )。

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