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(嚮(xiàng )言(yán )，向(xiàng )言(yán ))

古(gǔ )籍(jí )所(suǒ )载(zǎi )的(de )一(yī )种(zhǒng )特(tè )异(yì )现(xiàn )象(xiàng )。向(xiàng )，通(tōng )“响(xiǎng )”。

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·五(wǔ )行(háng )志(zhì )中(zhōng )》：“吴(wú )孙(sūn )休(xiū )时(shí )，乌(wū )程(chéng )人(rén )有(yǒu )得(dé )困(kùn )病(bìng )，及(jí )差(chà )，能(néng )以(yǐ )响(xiǎng )言(yán )者(zhě )，言(yán )于(yú )此(cǐ )而(ér )闻(wén )于(yú )彼(bǐ )。自(zì )其(qí )所(suǒ )听(tīng )之(zhī )，不(bú )觉(jiào )其(qí )声(shēng )之(zhī )大(dà )也(yě )。自(zì )远(yuǎn )听(tīng )之(zhī )，如(rú )人(rén )对(duì )言(yán )，不(bú )觉(jiào )声(shēng )之(zhī )自(zì )远(yuǎn )来(lái )也(yě )。声(shēng )之(zhī )所(suǒ )往(wǎng )，随(suí )其(qí )所(suǒ )向(xiàng )，远(yuǎn )者(zhě )所(suǒ )过(guò )十(shí )数(shù )里(lǐ )……言(yán )不(bú )从(cóng )之(zhī )咎(jiù )也(yě )。”后(hòu )用(yòng )为(wéi )建(jiàn )言(yán )讽(fěng )喻(yù )而(ér )使(shǐ )在(zài )上(shàng )者(zhě )明(míng )察(chá )下(xià )情(qíng )的(de )典(diǎn )故(gù )。

清(qīng )钱(qián )谦(qiān )益(yì )《向(xiàng )言(yán )》诗(shī )序(xù )：“善(shàn )听(tīng )向(xiàng )言(yán )者(zhě )，莫(mò )如(rú )圣(shèng )人(rén )。有(yǒu )瞻(zhān )言(yán )之(zhī )圣(shèng )人(rén )，言(yán )从(cóng )作(zuò )乂(ài )，而(ér )天(tiān )下(xià )无(wú )向(xiàng )言(yán )之(zhī )咎(jiù )矣(yǐ )。”

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