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1.孤(gū )立(lì )，孤(gū )单(dān )。

《三(sān )国(guó )志(zhì )·吴(wú )志(zhì )·陆(lù )瑁(mào )传(chuán )》：“孙(sūn )权(quán )忿(fèn )公(gōng )孙(sūn )渊(yuān )之(zhī )巧(qiǎo )诈(zhà )反(fǎn )覆(fù )，欲(yù )亲(qīn )征(zhēng )之(zhī )，瑁(mào )上(shàng )疏(shū )谏(jiàn )曰(yuē )：‘……若(ruò )渊(yuān )狙(jū )诈(zhà )，与(yǔ )北(běi )未(wèi )绝(jué )，动(dòng )众(zhòng )之(zhī )日(rì )，脣(chún )齿(chǐ )相(xiàng )济(jì )。若(ruò )实(shí )孑(jié )然(rán )无(wú )所(suǒ )凭(píng )赖(lài )，其(qí )畏(wèi )怖(bù )远(yuǎn )迸(bèng )，或(huò )难(nán )卒(zú )灭(miè )。’”前(qián )蜀(shǔ )杜(dù )光(guāng )庭(tíng )《墉(yōng )城(chéng )集(jí )仙(xiān )录(lù )·缑(gōu )仙(xiān )姑(gū )》：“﹝缑(gōu )仙(xiān )姑(gū )﹞于(yú )魏(wèi )夫(fū )人(rén )仙(xiān )坛(tán )，精(jīng )修(xiū )香(xiāng )火(huǒ )十(shí )馀(yú )年(nián )，孑(jié )然(rán )无(wú )侣(lǚ )。”

明(míng )叶(yè )宪(xiàn )祖(zǔ )《鸾(luán )鎞(bī )记(jì )·仗(zhàng )侠(xiá )》：“我(wǒ )孑(jié )然(rán )一(yī )身(shēn )，有(yǒu )何(hé )挂(guà )碍(ài )！”清(qīng )蒋(jiǎng )士(shì )铨(quán )《桂(guì )林(lín )霜(shuāng )·再(zài )遣(qiǎn )》：“夫(fū )抛(pāo )妇(fù )，子(zǐ )撇(piě )娘(niáng )，此(cǐ )身(shēn )孑(jié )然(rán )存(cún )若(ruò )亡(wáng )。”

瞿(qú )秋(qiū )白(bái )《＜饿(è )乡(xiāng )纪(jì )程(chéng )＞跋(bá )》：“何(hé )况(kuàng )孑(jié )然(rán )飘(piāo )零(líng )，远(yuǎn )去(qù )故(gù )乡(xiāng )，来(lái )此(cǐ )绝(jué )国(guó )，交(jiāo )通(tōng )阻(zǔ )隔(gé )，粗(cū )粝(lì )噎(yē )喉(hóu )，饿(è )乡(xiāng )之(zhī )‘饿(è )’，锤(chuí )炼(liàn )我(wǒ )这(zhè )绕(rào )指(zhǐ )柔(róu )钢(gāng )。”

2.特(tè )出(chū )。

宋(sòng )范(fàn )仲(zhòng )淹(yān )《唐(táng )异(yì )诗(shī )序(xù )》：“观(guān )乎(hū )处(chù )士(shì )之(zhī )作(zuò )也(yě )，孑(jié )然(rán )弗(fú )伦(lún )，洗(xǐ )然(rán )无(wú )尘(chén )。”

3.全(quán )体(tǐ )之(zhī )貌(mào )。

《国(guó )语(yǔ )·周(zhōu )语(yǔ )中(zhōng )》：“于(yú )是(shì )乎(hū )有(yǒu )折(shé )俎(zǔ )加(jiā )豆(dòu )，酬(chóu )币(bì )宴(yàn )货(huò )，以(yǐ )示(shì )容(róng )合(hé )好(hǎo )，胡(hú )有(yǒu )孑(jié )然(rán )其(qí )效(xiào )戎(róng )狄(dí )也(yě )？”韦(wéi )昭(zhāo )注(zhù )：“孑(jié )然(rán )，全(quán )体(tǐ )之(zhī )貌(mào )也(yě )。”

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●孑然（简体版）