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(乡(xiāng )士(shì )，乡(xiāng )士(shì ))

1.《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )》官(guān )名(míng )。执(zhí )掌(zhǎng )本(běn )乡(xiāng )兼(jiān )掌(zhǎng )国(guó )中(zhōng )的(de )狱(yù )讼(sòng )。

《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )·秋(qiū )官(guān )·乡(xiāng )士(shì )》：“乡(xiāng )士(shì )，掌(zhǎng )国(guó )中(zhōng )，各(gè )掌(zhǎng )其(qí )乡(xiāng )之(zhī )民(mín )数(shù )而(ér )纠(jiū )戒(jiè )之(zhī )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )：“言(yán )掌(zhǎng )国(guó )中(zhōng )，此(cǐ )主(zhǔ )国(guó )中(zhōng )狱(yù )也(yě )。六(liù )乡(xiāng )之(zhī )狱(yù )在(zài )国(guó )中(zhōng )。”

2.犹(yóu )乡(xiāng )绅(shēn )。

唐(táng )元(yuán )稹(zhěn )《月(yuè )三(sān )十(shí )韵(yùn )》：“司(sī )存(cún )委(wěi )乡(xiāng )士(shì )，新(xīn )拜(bài )出(chū )郊(jiāo )畿(jī )。”

宋(sòng )周(zhōu )煇(huí )《清(qīng )波(bō )杂(zá )志(zhì )》卷(juàn )中(zhōng )：“煇(huí )在(zài )上(shàng )饶(ráo )，于(yú )乡(xiāng )士(shì )余(yú )公(gōng )座(zuò )上(shàng )，因(yīn )论(lùn )诗(shī )。”

3.古(gǔ )代(dài )赐(cì )给(gěi )耆(qí )老(lǎo )的(de )爵(jué )号(hào )名(míng )。

明(míng )顾(gù )起(qǐ )元(yuán )《客(kè )座(zuò )赘(zhuì )语(yǔ )·里(lǐ )士(shì )乡(xiāng )士(shì )》：“洪(hóng )武(wǔ )十(shí )九(jiǔ )年(nián )六(liù )月(yuè )二(èr )十(shí )日(rì )，诏(zhào )赐(cì )耆(qí )老(lǎo )粟(sù )帛(bó )……应(yīng )天(tiān )凤(fèng )阳(yáng )民(mín )八(bā )十(shí )以(yǐ )上(shàng )，天(tiān )下(xià )民(mín )九(jiǔ )十(shí )以(yǐ )上(shàng )赐(cì )爵(jué )乡(xiāng )士(shì )，与(yǔ )县(xiàn )官(guān )平(píng )礼(lǐ )，并(bìng )免(miǎn )杂(zá )役(yì )，冠(guàn )带(dài )服(fú )色(sè )别(bié )议(yì )颁(bān )行(háng )，正(zhèng )官(guān )岁(suì )一(yī )存(cún )问(wèn )。”

清(qīng )大(dà )汕(shàn )《海(hǎi )外(wài )纪(jì )事(shì )》卷(juàn )六(liù )：“日(rì )惧(jù )群(qún )黎(lí )之(zhī )未(wèi )安(ān )，为(wéi )田(tián )里(lǐ )树(shù )畜(chù )以(yǐ )养(yǎng )之(zhī )，学(xué )校(xiào )以(yǐ )教(jiāo )之(zhī )，使(shǐ )率(lǜ )由(yóu )于(yú )日(rì )用(yòng )孝(xiào )弟(dì )之(zhī )中(zhōng )，秀(xiù )良(liáng )特(tè )出(chū )者(zhě )，则(zé )有(yǒu )乡(xiāng )士(shì )遂(suí )士(shì )之(zhī )荐(jiàn )，干(gàn )旄(máo )爵(jué )秩(zhì )之(zhī )荣(róng )，遂(suí )以(yǐ )为(wéi )君(jūn )相(xiàng )之(zhī )爱(ài )之(zhī )如(rú )是(shì )其(qí )至(zhì )也(yě )。”

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