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(训(xùn )诂(gǔ )，训(xùn )诂(gǔ ))

对(duì )字(zì )句(jù )(主(zhǔ )要(yào )是(shì )对(duì )古(gǔ )书(shū )字(zì )句(jù ))作(zuò )解(jiě )释(shì )。亦(yì )指(zhǐ )对(duì )古(gǔ )书(shū )字(zì )句(jù )所(suǒ )作(zuò )的(de )解(jiě )释(shì )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·扬(yáng )雄(xióng )传(chuán )上(shàng )》：“雄(xióng )少(shǎo )而(ér )好(hǎo )学(xué )，不(bú )为(wéi )章(zhāng )句(jù )，训(xùn )诂(gǔ )通(tōng )而(ér )已(yǐ )，博(bó )览(lǎn )无(wú )所(suǒ )不(bú )见(jiàn )。”

唐(táng )杨(yáng )于(yú )陵(líng )《祭(jì )权(quán )相(xiàng )公(gōng )文(wén )》：“帝(dì )曰(yuē )丝(sī )纶(lún )，代(dài )予(yǔ )言(yán )语(yǔ )，词(cí )之(zhī )颇(pō )僻(pì )，政(zhèng )亦(yì )乖(guāi )阻(zǔ )，尔(ěr )其(qí )专(zhuān )掌(zhǎng )，尔(ěr )必(bì )师(shī )古(gǔ )。亟(jí )换(huàn )官(guān )荣(róng )，屡(lǚ )移(yí )星(xīng )序(xù )，春(chūn )泉(quán )涌(yǒng )溢(yì )，彩(cǎi )翰(hàn )飞(fēi )舞(wǔ )，丕(pī )变(biàn )浇(jiāo )讹(é )，裁(cái )成(chéng )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )。”

清(qīng )陈(chén )澧(lǐ )《东(dōng )塾(shú )读(dú )书(shū )记(jì )·小(xiǎo )学(xué )》：“诂(gǔ )者(zhě )，古(gǔ )也(yě )。古(gǔ )今(jīn )异(yì )言(yán )，通(tōng )之(zhī )使(shǐ )人(rén )知(zhī )也(yě )。盖(gài )时(shí )有(yǒu )古(gǔ )今(jīn )，犹(yóu )地(dì )有(yǒu )东(dōng )西(xī )，有(yǒu )南(nán )北(běi )，相(xiàng )隔(gé )远(yuǎn )则(zé )言(yán )语(yǔ )不(bú )通(tōng )矣(yǐ )。地(dì )远(yuǎn )则(zé )有(yǒu )翻(fān )译(yì )，时(shí )远(yuǎn )则(zé )有(yǒu )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )。有(yǒu )翻(fān )译(yì )则(zé )能(néng )使(shǐ )别(bié )国(guó )如(rú )乡(xiāng )邻(lín )，有(yǒu )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )则(zé )能(néng )使(shǐ )古(gǔ )今(jīn )如(rú )旦(dàn )暮(mù )，所(suǒ )谓(wèi )通(tōng )之(zhī )也(yě )，训(xùn )诂(gǔ )之(zhī )功(gōng )大(dà )矣(yǐ )哉(zāi )！”黄(huáng )侃(kǎn )《文(wén )字(zì )声(shēng )韵(yùn )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )笔(bǐ )记(jì )·训(xùn )诂(gǔ )笔(bǐ )记(jì )上(shàng )·训(xùn )诂(gǔ )学(xué )定(dìng )义(yì )及(jí )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )名(míng )称(chēng )》：“诂(gǔ )者(zhě )，故(gù )也(yě )，即(jí )本(běn )来(lái )之(zhī )谓(wèi )；训(xùn )者(zhě )，顺(shùn )也(yě )，即(jí )引(yǐn )申(shēn )之(zhī )谓(wèi )。训(xùn )诂(gǔ )者(zhě )，用(yòng )语(yǔ )言(yán )解(jiě )释(shì )语(yǔ )言(yán )之(zhī )谓(wèi )。若(ruò )以(yǐ )此(cǐ )地(dì )之(zhī )语(yǔ )释(shì )彼(bǐ )地(dì )之(zhī )语(yǔ )，或(huò )以(yǐ )今(jīn )时(shí )之(zhī )语(yǔ )释(shì )昔(xī )时(shí )之(zhī )语(yǔ )，虽(suī )属(shǔ )训(xùn )诂(gǔ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )有(yǒu )事(shì )，而(ér )非(fēi )构(gòu )成(chéng )之(zhī )原(yuán )理(lǐ )。”

洪(hóng )诚(chéng )《训(xùn )诂(gǔ )学(xué )》第(dì )一(yī )章(zhāng )第(dì )二(èr )节(jiē )：“训(xùn )诂(gǔ )的(de )对(duì )象(xiàng )本(běn )不(bú )限(xiàn )于(yú )古(gǔ )代(dài )汉(hàn )语(yǔ )，但(dàn )是(shì )古(gǔ )代(dài )汉(hàn )语(yǔ )是(shì )主(zhǔ )要(yào )对(duì )象(xiàng )。阅(yuè )读(dú )古(gǔ )代(dài )汉(hàn )语(yǔ )，在(zài )文(wén )字(zì )语(yǔ )言(yán )上(shàng )出(chū )现(xiàn )的(de )问(wèn )题(tí )，比(bǐ )阅(yuè )读(dú )现(xiàn )代(dài )汉(hàn )语(yǔ )出(chū )现(xiàn )的(de )问(wèn )题(tí )，要(yào )多(duō )得(dé )多(duō )……训(xùn )诂(gǔ )是(shì )要(yào )讲(jiǎng )通(tōng )文(wén )意(yì )。有(yǒu )时(shí )候(hòu )只(zhī )要(yào )解(jiě )释(shì )个(gè )别(bié )的(de )词(cí )，全(quán )句(jù )的(de )意(yì )思(sī )就(jiù )清(qīng )楚(chǔ )了(le )；有(yǒu )时(shí )候(hòu )却(què )要(yào )加(jiā )以(yǐ )申(shēn )说(shuō )，人(rén )们(men )才(cái )看(kàn )得(dé )懂(dǒng )。”

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●训诂（简体版）