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(国(guó )难(nán )，国(guó )难(nán ))

I

国(guó )家(jiā )的(de )危(wēi )难(nán )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·翟(zhái )方(fāng )进(jìn )传(chuán )》：“方(fāng )今(jīn )宗(zōng )室(shì )衰(shuāi )弱(ruò )，外(wài )无(wú )彊(jiāng )蕃(fān )，天(tiān )下(xià )倾(qīng )首(shǒu )服(fú )从(cóng )，莫(mò )能(néng )亢(kàng )扞(gǎn )国(guó )难(nán )。”

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·徐(xú )文(wén )盛(shèng )传(chuán )》：“﹝文(wén )盛(shèng )﹞闻(wén )国(guó )难(nán )，乃(nǎi )召(zhào )募(mù )得(dé )数(shù )万(wàn )人(rén )来(lái )赴(fù )，元(yuán )帝(dì )以(yǐ )为(wéi )秦(qín )州(zhōu )刺(cì )史(shǐ )，加(jiā )都(dōu )督(dū )，授(shòu )以(yǐ )东(dōng )讨(tǎo )之(zhī )略(luè )。”

宋(sòng )文(wén )天(tiān )祥(xiáng )《＜指(zhǐ )南(nán )录(lù )＞自(zì )序(xù )》：“生(shēng )无(wú )以(yǐ )救(jiù )国(guó )难(nán )，死(sǐ )犹(yóu )为(wéi )厉(lì )鬼(guǐ )以(yǐ )击(jī )贼(zéi )。”

明(míng )王(wáng )猷(yóu )定(dìng )《己(jǐ )亥(hài )七(qī )月(yuè )移(yí )家(jiā )卢(lú )家(jiā )堡(bǎo )舟(zhōu )中(zhōng )即(jí )事(shì )》诗(shī )：“国(guó )难(nán )轻(qīng )妻(qī )子(zǐ )，时(shí )危(wēi )重(zhòng )甲(jiǎ )兵(bīng )。”

廖(liào )仲(zhòng )恺(kǎi )《致(zhì )饶(ráo )潜(qián )川(chuān )黄(huáng )德(dé )源(yuán )曾(céng )允(yǔn )明(míng )等(děng )函(hán )》：“中(zhōng )山(shān )先(xiān )生(shēng )鱼(yú )日(rì )乘(chéng )兵(bīng )舰(jiàn )归(guī )粤(yuè )，整(zhěng )军(jūn )经(jīng )武(wǔ )，以(yǐ )靖(jìng )国(guó )难(nán )。”

II

国(guó )傩(nuó )。古(gǔ )指(zhǐ )国(guó )家(jiā )驱(qū )逐(zhú )疫(yì )鬼(guǐ )之(zhī )官(guān )，又(yòu )名(míng )方(fāng )相(xiàng )氏(shì )。难(nán )，通(tōng )“傩(nuó )”。

《礼(lǐ )记(jì )·月(yuè )令(lìng )》：“命(mìng )国(guó )难(nán )，九(jiǔ )门(mén )磔(zhé )攘(rǎng )，以(yǐ )毕(bì )春(chūn )气(qì )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )：“此(cǐ )难(nán )，难(nán )阴(yīn )气(qì )也(yě )。”按(àn )，傩(nuó )，驱(qū )逐(zhú )疫(yì )鬼(guǐ )谓(wèi )之(zhī )傩(nuó )。

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