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【成(chéng )语(yǔ )】：指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )

【拼(pīn )音(yīn )】：zhǐ lù wéi mǎ

【解(jiě )释(shì )】：指(zhǐ )着(zhe )鹿(lù )，说(shuō )是(shì )马(mǎ )。比(bǐ )喻(yù )故(gù )意(yì )颠(diān )倒(dǎo )黑(hēi )白(bái )，混(hún )淆(xiáo )是(shì )非(fēi )。

【出(chū )处(chù )】：《史(shǐ )记(jì )·秦(qín )始(shǐ )皇(huáng )本(běn )纪(jì )》：“赵(zhào )高(gāo )欲(yù )为(wéi )乱(luàn )，恐(kǒng )群(qún )臣(chén )不(bú )听(tīng )，乃(nǎi )先(xiān )设(shè )验(yàn )，持(chí )鹿(lù )献(xiàn )于(yú )二(èr )世(shì )，曰(yuē )：‘马(mǎ )也(yě )。’二(èr )世(shì )笑(xiào )曰(yuē )：‘丞(chéng )相(xiàng )误(wù )邪(xié )？谓(wèi )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )。’问(wèn )左(zuǒ )右(yòu )，左(zuǒ )右(yòu )或(huò )默(mò )，或(huò )言(yán )马(mǎ )以(yǐ )阿(ā )顺(shùn )赵(zhào )高(gāo )。”

【示(shì )例(lì )】：东(dōng )床(chuáng )已(yǐ )招(zhāo )佳(jiā )婿(xù )，何(hé )似(sì )以(yǐ )羊(yáng )易(yì )牛(niú )；西(xī )邻(lín )纵(zòng )有(yǒu )责(zé )言(yán )，终(zhōng )难(nán )～。 ★明(míng )·冯(féng )梦(mèng )龙(lóng )《醒(xǐng )世(shì )恒(héng )言(yán )》卷(juàn )七(qī )

【近(jìn )义(yì )词(cí )】：混(hún )淆(xiáo )是(shì )非(fēi )、颠(diān )倒(dǎo )黑(hēi )白(bái )

【反(fǎn )义(yì )词(cí )】：是(shì )非(fēi )分(fèn )明(míng )

【语(yǔ )法(fǎ )】：作(zuò )谓(wèi )语(yǔ )、宾(bīn )语(yǔ )、定(dìng )语(yǔ )；指(zhǐ )故(gù )意(yì )颠(diān )倒(dǎo )黑(hēi )白(bái )

【英(yīng )文(wén )】：call a stag a horse

【成(chéng )语(yǔ )故(gù )事(shì )】：秦(qín )末(mò )宦(huàn )官(guān )赵(zhào )高(gāo )在(zài )秦(qín )始(shǐ )皇(huáng )病(bìng )故(gù )后(hòu )假(jiǎ )传(chuán )圣(shèng )旨(zhǐ )命(mìng )扶(fú )苏(sū )自(zì )杀(shā )，立(lì )胡(hú )亥(hài )为(wéi )太(tài )子(zǐ )，他(tā )还(hái )想(xiǎng )篡(cuàn )夺(duó )帝(dì )位(wèi )，特(tè )地(dì )把(bǎ )一(yī )匹(pǐ )鹿(lù )当(dāng )马(mǎ )送(sòng )给(gěi )秦(qín )二(èr )世(shì )胡(hú )亥(hài )，胡(hú )亥(hài )说(shuō )是(shì )鹿(lù )，赵(zhào )高(gāo )叫(jiào )胡(hú )亥(hài )问(wèn )群(qún )臣(chén )。群(qún )臣(chén )有(yǒu )些(xiē )迫(pò )于(yú )丞(chéng )相(xiàng )赵(zhào )高(gāo )的(de )势(shì )力(lì )违(wéi )心(xīn )说(shuō )是(shì )鹿(lù )，只(zhī )有(yǒu )部(bù )分(fèn )说(shuō )是(shì )鹿(lù )的(de )大(dà )臣(chén )后(hòu )被(bèi )赵(zhào )高(gāo )所(suǒ )害(hài )

(指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )，指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ ))

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·秦(qín )始(shǐ )皇(huáng )本(běn )纪(jì )》：“赵(zhào )高(gāo )欲(yù )为(wéi )乱(luàn )，恐(kǒng )群(qún )臣(chén )不(bú )听(tīng )，乃(nǎi )先(xiān )设(shè )验(yàn )，持(chí )鹿(lù )献(xiàn )于(yú )二(èr )世(shì )，曰(yuē )：‘马(mǎ )也(yě )’。

二(èr )世(shì )笑(xiào )曰(yuē )：‘丞(chéng )相(xiàng )误(wù )耶(yē )？谓(wèi )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )。’问(wèn )左(zuǒ )右(yòu )，左(zuǒ )右(yòu )或(huò )默(mò )，或(huò )言(yán )马(mǎ )以(yǐ )阿(ā )顺(shùn )赵(zhào )高(gāo )。或(huò )言(yán )鹿(lù )，高(gāo )因(yīn )阴(yīn )中(zhōng )诸(zhū )言(yán )鹿(lù )者(zhě )以(yǐ )法(fǎ )。后(hòu )群(qún )臣(chén )皆(jiē )畏(wèi )高(gāo )。”后(hòu )以(yǐ )“指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )”比(bǐ )喻(yù )有(yǒu )意(yì )颠(diān )倒(dǎo )黑(hēi )白(bái )，溷(hùn )淆(xiáo )是(shì )非(fēi )。

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·窦(dòu )宪(xiàn )传(chuán )》：“深(shēn )思(sī )前(qián )过(guò )，夺(duó )主(zhǔ )田(tián )园(yuán )时(shí )，何(hé )用(yòng )愈(yù )赵(zhào )高(gāo )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )？久(jiǔ )念(niàn )使(shǐ )人(rén )惊(jīng )怖(bù )。”

《旧(jiù )唐(táng )书(shū )·僕(pú )固(gù )怀(huái )恩(ēn )传(chuán )》：“陛(bì )下(xià )必(bì )信(xìn )矫(jiǎo )词(cí )，何(hé )殊(shū )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )？”

《醒(xǐng )世(shì )恒(héng )言(yán )·钱(qián )秀(xiù )才(cái )错(cuò )占(zhàn )凤(fèng )凰(huáng )俦(chóu )》：“东(dōng )床(chuáng )已(yǐ )招(zhāo )佳(jiā )选(xuǎn )，何(hé )知(zhī )改(gǎi )羊(yáng )易(yì )牛(niú )；西(xī )邻(lín )纵(zòng )有(yǒu )责(zé )言(yán )，终(zhōng )难(nán )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )。”

郭(guō )沫(mò )若(ruò )《蒲(pú )剑(jiàn )集(jí )·文(wén )化(huà )与(yǔ )战(zhàn )争(zhēng )》：“倒(dǎo )黑(hēi )为(wéi )白(bái )，指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )为(wéi )马(mǎ )，日(rì )本(běn )的(de )社(shè )会(huì )秩(zhì )序(xù )早(zǎo )就(jiù )为(wéi )这(zhè )些(xiē )文(wén )化(huà )刽(guì )子(zǐ )手(shǒu )所(suǒ )毁(huǐ )坏(huài )无(wú )遗(yí )了(le )。”亦(yì )作(zuò )“指(zhǐ )马(mǎ )”。

《三(sān )国(guó )志(zhì )·魏(wèi )志(zhì )·鲍(bào )勋(xūn )传(chuán )》：“大(dà )军(jūn )还(hái )洛(luò )阳(yáng )，曜(yào )有(yǒu )罪(zuì )，勋(xūn )奏(zòu )绌(chù )遣(qiǎn )。而(ér )曜(yào )密(mì )表(biǎo )勋(xūn )私(sī )解(jiě )邕(yōng )事(shì )。诏(zhào )曰(yuē )：‘勋(xūn )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )作(zuò )马(mǎ )，收(shōu )付(fù )廷(tíng )尉(wèi )。’”唐(táng )贺(hè )兰(lán )进(jìn )明(míng )《古(gǔ )意(yì )》诗(shī )之(zhī )一(yī )：“秦(qín )庭(tíng )初(chū )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )，群(qún )盗(dào )满(mǎn )山(shān )东(dōng )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《上(shàng )神(shén )宗(zōng )皇(huáng )帝(dì )书(shū )》：“内(nèi )重(zhòng )之(zhī )弊(bì )，必(bì )有(yǒu )奸(jiān )臣(chén )指(zhǐ )鹿(lù )之(zhī )患(huàn )。”

清(qīng )吴(wú )伟(wěi )业(yè )《读(dú )史(shǐ )杂(zá )感(gǎn )》诗(shī )：“国(guó )中(zhōng )惟(wéi )指(zhǐ )马(mǎ )，阃(kǔn )外(wài )尽(jìn )从(cóng )龙(lóng )。”

清(qīng )孔(kǒng )尚(shàng )任(rèn )《桃(táo )花(huā )扇(shàn )·馀(yú )韵(yùn )》：“指(zhǐ )马(mǎ )谁(shuí )攻(gōng )秦(qín )相(xiàng )诈(zhà )，入(rù )林(lín )都(dōu )畏(wèi )阮(ruǎn )生(shēng )狂(kuáng )。”

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●指鹿为马（简体版）