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(文(wén )实(shí )，文(wén )实(shí ))

1.名(míng )实(shí )。

《墨(mò )子(zǐ )·经(jīng )说(shuō )下(xià )》：“有(yǒu )文(wén )实(shí )也(yě )，而(ér )后(hòu )谓(wèi )之(zhī )。无(wú )文(wén )实(shí )也(yě )，则(zé )无(wú )谓(wèi )也(yě )。”

孙(sūn )诒(yí )让(ràng )间(jiān )诂(gǔ )：“谓(wèi )有(yǒu )名(míng )实(shí )，始(shǐ )有(yǒu )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )；无(wú )名(míng )实(shí )，则(zé )无(wú )所(suǒ )谓(wèi )。”

2.《春(chūn )秋(qiū )》笔(bǐ )法(fǎ )，谓(wèi )字(zì )面(miàn )上(shàng )贬(biǎn )之(zhī )，而(ér )实(shí )际(jì )上(shàng )褒(bāo )之(zhī )。

《公(gōng )羊(yáng )传(chuán )·庄(zhuāng )公(gōng )四(sì )年(nián )》“缘(yuán )恩(ēn )疾(jí )者(zhě )可(kě )也(yě )”汉(hàn )何(hé )休(xiū )注(zhù )：“不(bú )为(wéi )文(wén )实(shí )者(zhě )，方(fāng )讳(huì )，不(bú )得(dé )贬(biǎn )。”

陈(chén )立(lì )义(yì )疏(shū )：“僖(xī )公(gōng )元(yuán )年(nián )传(chuán )不(bú )与(yǔ )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )专(zhuān )封(fēng )也(yě )。曷(hé )为(wéi )不(bú )与(yǔ )？实(shí )与(yǔ )而(ér )文(wén )不(bú )与(yǔ )……所(suǒ )谓(wèi )文(wén )实(shí )也(yě )。”又(yòu )：“旧(jiù )疏(shū )云(yún )：凡(fán )为(wéi )文(wén )实(shí )者(zhě )，皆(jiē )初(chū )以(yǐ )常(cháng )事(shì )为(wéi )罪(zuì )而(ér )贬(biǎn )之(zhī )，然(rán )后(hòu )计(jì )功(gōng )除(chú )过(guò )。此(cǐ )齐(qí )襄(xiāng )功(gōng )实(shí )未(wèi )足(zú )除(chú )过(guò )，故(gù )传(chuán )不(bú )为(wéi )文(wén )实(shí )也(yě )。”

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