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古(gǔ )代(dài )军(jūn )赋(fù )制(zhì )度(dù )四(sì )丘(qiū )为(wéi )甸(diàn )，每(měi )甸(diàn )出(chū )甲(jiǎ )士(shì )三(sān )人(rén )，步(bù )卒(zú )七(qī )十(shí )二(èr )人(rén )。

鲁(lǔ )成(chéng )公(gōng )因(yīn )齐(qí )难(nán )，临(lín )时(shí )增(zēng )征(zhēng )甲(jiǎ )士(shì )，改(gǎi )为(wéi )每(měi )丘(qiū )出(chū )一(yī )人(rén )，称(chēng )为(wéi )丘(qiū )甲(jiǎ )。

《春(chūn )秋(qiū )·成(chéng )公(gōng )元(yuán )年(nián )》：“三(sān )月(yuè )，作(zuò )丘(qiū )甲(jiǎ )。”

杜(dù )预(yù )注(zhù )：“《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )》：九(jiǔ )夫(fū )为(wéi )井(jǐng )，四(sì )井(jǐng )为(wéi )邑(yì )；四(sì )邑(yì )为(wéi )丘(qiū )。丘(qiū )十(shí )六(liù )井(jǐng )，出(chū )戎(róng )马(mǎ )一(yī )匹(pǐ )，牛(niú )三(sān )头(tóu )。四(sì )丘(qiū )为(wéi )甸(diàn )，甸(diàn )六(liù )十(shí )四(sì )井(jǐng )，出(chū )长(zhǎng )毂(gū )一(yī )乘(chéng )，戎(róng )马(mǎ )四(sì )匹(pǐ )，牛(niú )十(shí )二(èr )头(tóu )，甲(jiǎ )士(shì )三(sān )人(rén )，步(bù )卒(zú )七(qī )十(shí )二(èr )人(rén )。此(cǐ )甸(diàn )所(suǒ )赋(fù )，今(jīn )鲁(lǔ )使(shǐ )丘(qiū )出(chū )之(zhī )，讥(jī )重(zhòng )敛(liǎn )。”

顾(gù )炎(yán )武(wǔ )补(bǔ )正(zhèng )：“要(yào )之(zhī )，其(qí )实(shí )为(wéi )益(yì )兵(bīng )，向(xiàng )之(zhī )四(sì )丘(qiū )共(gòng )出(chū )三(sān )甲(jiǎ )者(zhě )，今(jīn )使(shǐ )每(měi )丘(qiū )出(chū )一(yī )甲(jiǎ )尔(ěr )。”一(yī )说(shuō )，古(gǔ )代(dài )农(nóng )工(gōng )分(fèn )职(zhí )，制(zhì )甲(jiǎ )为(wéi )“工(gōng )民(mín )”之(zhī )事(shì )，鲁(lǔ )违(wéi )常(cháng )制(zhì )，使(shǐ )“丘(qiū )民(mín )”作(zuò )甲(jiǎ )，称(chēng )丘(qiū )甲(jiǎ )。见(jiàn )《穀(yù )梁(liáng )传(chuán )·成(chéng )公(gōng )元(yuán )年(nián )》。按(àn )，“丘(qiū )甲(jiǎ )”之(zhī )说(shuō )，论(lùn )者(zhě )纷(fēn )纭(yún )。参(cān )阅(yuè )清(qīng )万(wàn )斯(sī )大(dà )《春(chūn )秋(qiū )随(suí )笔(bǐ )》、清(qīng )毛(máo )奇(qí )龄(líng )《春(chūn )秋(qiū )毛(máo )氏(shì )传(chuán )》、清(qīng )锺(zhōng )文(wén )烝(zhēng )《穀(yù )梁(liáng )补(bǔ )注(zhù )》、清(qīng )刘(liú )逢(féng )禄(lù )《公(gōng )羊(yáng )春(chūn )秋(qiū )何(hé )氏(shì )解(jiě )诂(gǔ )笺(jiān )》、范(fàn )文(wén )澜(lán )《中(zhōng )国(guó )通(tōng )史(shǐ )简(jiǎn )编(biān )》第(dì )一(yī )编(biān )第(dì )四(sì )章(zhāng )第(dì )六(liù )节(jiē )。

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●丘甲（简体版）