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(丝(sī )绸(chóu )之(zhī )路(lù )，丝(sī )绸(chóu )之(zhī )路(lù ))

1.指(zhǐ )古(gǔ )代(dài )由(yóu )中(zhōng )国(guó )通(tōng )向(xiàng )欧(ōu )洲(zhōu )的(de )道(dào )路(lù )。早(zǎo )在(zài )三(sān )千(qiān )多(duō )年(nián )前(qián )，我(wǒ )国(guó )劳(láo )动(dòng )人(rén )民(mín )就(jiù )养(yǎng )蚕(cán )、缫(sāo )丝(sī )、织(zhī )绸(chóu )。到(dào )了(le )汉(hàn )代(dài )，製(zhì )造(zào )丝(sī )绸(chóu )的(de )技(jì )术(shù )又(yòu )有(yǒu )了(le )提(tí )高(gāo )。

西(xī )汉(hàn )张(zhāng )骞(qiān )出(chū )使(shǐ )西(xī )域(yù )后(hòu )，我(wǒ )国(guó )制(zhì )造(zào )的(de )丝(sī )绸(chóu )运(yùn )输(shū )到(dào )中(zhōng )亚(yà )、波(bō )斯(sī )(今(jīn )伊(yī )朗(lǎng ))、地(dì )中(zhōng )海(hǎi )沿(yán )岸(àn )罗(luó )马(mǎ )等(děng )地(dì )，引(yǐn )起(qǐ )西(xī )方(fāng )人(rén )民(mín )的(de )惊(jīng )奇(qí )和(hé )喜(xǐ )爱(ài )，人(rén )们(men )便(biàn )把(bǎ )我(wǒ )国(guó )称(chēng )为(wéi )“丝(sī )国(guó )”，把(bǎ )这(zhè )条(tiáo )商(shāng )路(lù )称(chēng )为(wéi )“丝(sī )绸(chóu )之(zhī )路(lù )”，或(huò )简(jiǎn )称(chēng )“丝(sī )路(lù )”。其(qí )主(zhǔ )要(yào )路(lù )线(xiàn )：东(dōng )起(qǐ )汉(hàn )都(dōu )长(zhǎng )安(ān )，向(xiàng )西(xī )经(jīng )河(hé )西(xī )走(zǒu )廊(láng )到(dào )达(dá )敦(dūn )煌(huáng )，从(cóng )敦(dūn )煌(huáng )向(xiàng )西(xī )分(fèn )南(nán )北(běi )两(liǎng )道(dào )。南(nán )道(dào )沿(yán )昆(kūn )仑(lún )山(shān )北(běi )麓(lù )经(jīng )和(hé )田(tián )至(zhì )疏(shū )勒(lè )(今(jīn )新(xīn )疆(jiāng )喀(kā )什(shí ))；北(běi )道(dào )经(jīng )罗(luó )布(bù )泊(bó )沿(yán )天(tiān )山(shān )南(nán )麓(lù )经(jīng )库(kù )车(chē )、阿(ā )克(kè )苏(sū )至(zhì )疏(shū )勒(lè )。由(yóu )疏(shū )勒(lè )越(yuè )葱(cōng )岭(lǐng )或(huò )南(nán )往(wǎng )印(yìn )度(dù )，或(huò )西(xī )经(jīng )波(bō )斯(sī )往(wǎng )地(dì )中(zhōng )海(hǎi )诸(zhū )国(guó )。在(zài )整(zhěng )个(gè )古(gǔ )代(dài )和(hé )中(zhōng )世(shì )纪(jì )亦(yì )多(duō )通(tōng )过(guò )此(cǐ )路(lù )交(jiāo )流(liú )其(qí )他(tā )商(shāng )品(pǐn )，以(yǐ )及(jí )东(dōng )西(xī )方(fāng )各(gè )种(zhǒng )经(jīng )济(jì )和(hé )文(wén )化(huà )。“丝(sī )绸(chóu )之(zhī )路(lù )”的(de )支(zhī )线(xiàn )亦(yì )有(yǒu )取(qǔ )道(dào )今(jīn )新(xīn )疆(jiāng )天(tiān )山(shān )北(běi )面(miàn )的(de )通(tōng )道(dào )及(jí )伊(yī )犁(lí )河(hé )流(liú )域(yù )西(xī )行(háng )者(zhě )；亦(yì )有(yǒu )取(qǔ )道(dào )海(hǎi )上(shàng )者(zhě )。

2.或(huò )自(zì )我(wǒ )国(guó )南(nán )部(bù )直(zhí )接(jiē )西(xī )航(háng )，或(huò )经(jīng )由(yóu )滇(diān )缅(miǎn )通(tōng )道(dào )再(zài )自(zì )今(jīn )缅(miǎn )甸(diàn )南(nán )部(bù )利(lì )用(yòng )海(hǎi )道(dào )西(xī )运(yùn )，或(huò )经(jīng )由(yóu )中(zhōng )亚(yà )转(zhuǎn )达(dá )印(yìn )度(dù )半(bàn )岛(dǎo )各(gè )港(gǎng )，再(zài )由(yóu )海(hǎi )道(dào )西(xī )运(yùn )。丝(sī )绸(chóu )之(zhī )路(lù )在(zài )历(lì )史(shǐ )上(shàng )促(cù )进(jìn )了(le )欧(ōu )、亚(yà )、非(fēi )各(gè )国(guó )和(hé )中(zhōng )国(guó )的(de )友(yǒu )好(hǎo )往(wǎng )来(lái )。

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