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1.倒(dǎo )；倒(dǎo )置(zhì )。谓(wèi )将(jiāng )事(shì )物(wù )的(de )首(shǒu )尾(wěi )、上(shàng )下(xià )、顺(shùn )序(xù )、性(xìng )质(zhì )、是(shì )非(fēi )、地(dì )位(wèi )等(děng )颠(diān )倒(dǎo )过(guò )来(lái )，与(yǔ )正(zhèng )常(cháng )情(qíng )况(kuàng )相(xiàng )反(fǎn )。

《庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )·外(wài )物(wù )》：“草(cǎo )木(mù )之(zhī )倒(dǎo )植(zhí )者(zhě )过(guò )半(bàn )，而(ér )不(bú )知(zhī )其(qí )然(rán )。”

汉(hàn )贾(jiǎ )谊(yì )《新(xīn )书(shū )·威(wēi )不(bú )信(xìn )》：“足(zú )反(fǎn )居(jū )上(shàng )，首(shǒu )顾(gù )居(jū )下(xià )，是(shì )倒(dǎo )植(zhí )之(zhī )势(shì )也(yě )。”

宋(sòng )无(wú )名(míng )氏(shì )《儒(rú )林(lín )公(gōng )议(yì )》卷(juàn )下(xià )：“古(gǔ )者(zhě )，尊(zūn )中(zhōng )国(guó )贱(jiàn )夷(yí )狄(dí )，真(zhēn )若(ruò )首(shǒu )足(zú )。二(èr )汉(hàn )虽(suī )议(yì )和(hé )亲(qīn )，然(rán )礼(lǐ )亦(yì )不(bú )至(zhì )均(jūn )。今(jīn )若(ruò )是(shì )，是(shì )与(yǔ )之(zhī )抗(kàng )立(lì )，首(shǒu )足(zú )并(bìng )处(chù )，失(shī )孰(shú )甚(shèn )焉(yān )。臣(chén )恐(kǒng )久(jiǔ )之(zhī )，非(fēi )但(dàn )并(bìng )处(chù )，又(yòu )病(bìng )倒(dǎo )植(zhí )，顾(gù )其(qí )国(guó )号(hào )契(qì )丹(dān )足(zú )矣(yǐ )。”

明(míng )张(zhāng )居(jū )正(zhèng )《乞(qǐ )鉴(jiàn )别(bié )忠(zhōng )邪(xié )以(yǐ )定(dìng )国(guó )是(shì )疏(shū )》：“臣(chén )若(ruò )隐(yǐn )忍(rěn )不(bú )言(yán )，将(jiāng )使(shǐ )忠(zhōng )邪(xié )溷(hùn )淆(xiáo )，是(shì )非(fēi )倒(dǎo )植(zhí )，卒(zú )致(zhì )国(guó )是(shì )不(bú )定(dìng )，政(zhèng )本(běn )动(dòng )摇(yáo )，非(fēi )细(xì )故(gù )也(yě )。”

2.倒(dǎo )装(zhuāng )，修(xiū )辞(cí )方(fāng )法(fǎ )之(zhī )一(yī )。有(yǒu )意(yì )识(shí )地(dì )颠(diān )倒(dǎo )词(cí )句(jù )的(de )顺(shùn )序(xù )，以(yǐ )调(diào )和(hé )音(yīn )节(jiē )，错(cuò )综(zōng )句(jù )法(fǎ )，加(jiā )强(qiáng )语(yǔ )势(shì )。

章(zhāng )炳(bǐng )麟(lín )《文(wén )学(xué )说(shuō )例(lì )》：“倒(dǎo )植(zhí )者(zhě )，若(ruò )《书(shū )·禹(yǔ )贡(gòng )》言(yán )‘祇(qí )台(tái )德(dé )先(xiān )’……即(jí )‘先(xiān )祇(qí )台(tái )德(dé )’也(yě )。”

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●倒植（简体版）