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1.穿(chuān )越(yuè )；通(tōng )过(guò )。

唐(táng )陆(lù )龟(guī )蒙(méng )《甫(fǔ )里(lǐ )先(xiān )生(shēng )传(chuán )》：“少(shǎo )攻(gōng )歌(gē )诗(shī )，欲(yù )与(yǔ )造(zào )物(wù )者(zhě )争(zhēng )柄(bǐng )，遇(yù )事(shì )辄(zhé )变(biàn )化(huà )，不(bú )一(yī )其(qí )体(tǐ )裁(cái )。始(shǐ )则(zé )凌(líng )轹(lì )波(bō )涛(tāo )，穿(chuān )穴(xué )险(xiǎn )固(gù )，囚(qiú )锁(suǒ )惟(wéi )异(yì )，破(pò )碎(suì )阵(zhèn )敌(dí )，卒(zú )造(zào )平(píng )澹(dàn )而(ér )后(hòu )已(yǐ )。”

清(qīng )刘(liú )大(dà )櫆(kuí )《＜叶(yè )书(shū )山(shān )时(shí )文(wén )＞序(xù )》：“然(rán )其(qí )穿(chuān )穴(xué )险(xiǎn )隘(ài )，绘(huì )摹(mó )情(qíng )状(zhuàng )，虽(suī )昔(xī )之(zhī )专(zhuān )笃(dǔ )纯(chún )一(yī )，老(lǎo )其(qí )材(cái )于(yú )斯(sī )者(zhě )，或(huò )无(wú )以(yǐ )过(guò )焉(yān )。”

2.犹(yóu )鑽(zuàn )研(yán )。

清(qīng )黄(huáng )宗(zōng )羲(xī )《阎(yán )公(gōng )神(shén )道(dào )碑(bēi )铭(míng )》：“公(gōng )礼(lǐ )姚(yáo )承(chéng )庵(ān )以(yǐ )为(wéi )大(dà )师(shī )，其(qí )说(shuō )时(shí )与(yǔ )朱(zhū )文(wén )公(gōng )相(xiàng )出(chū )入(rù )。学(xué )者(zhě )始(shǐ )知(zhī )穿(chuān )穴(xué )经(jīng )旨(zhǐ )，以(yǐ )求(qiú )自(zì )得(dé )。”

清(qīng )《今(jīn )世(shì )说(shuō )·德(dé )行(háng )》：“读(dú )书(shū )穿(chuān )穴(xué )经(jīng )传(chuán )，落(luò )笔(bǐ )为(wéi )诗(shī )歌(gē )古(gǔ )文(wén )，衮(gǔn )衮(gǔn )不(bú )能(néng )自(zì )休(xiū )。”

3.犹(yóu )穿(chuān )凿(záo )。牵(qiān )强(qiáng )附(fù )会(huì )的(de )意(yì )思(sī )。

宋(sòng )朱(zhū )熹(xī )《答(dá )吕(lǚ )子(zǐ )约(yuē )书(shū )》：“读(dú )书(shū )穷(qióng )理(lǐ )，须(xū )认(rèn )正(zhèng )意(yì )，切(qiē )忌(jì )如(rú )此(cǐ )缘(yuán )文(wén )生(shēng )义(yì )。附(fù )会(huì )穿(chuān )穴(xué )，只(zhī )好(hǎo )做(zuò )时(shí )文(wén )，不(bú )是(shì )讲(jiǎng )学(xué )也(yě )。”

清(qīng )何(hé )焯(chāo )《义(yì )门(mén )读(dú )书(shū )记(jì )·杜(dù )集(jí )五(wǔ )》：“凡(fán )老(lǎo )杜(dù )之(zhī )诗(shī )，虽(suī )有(yǒu )为(wéi )而(ér )发(fā )者(zhě )为(wéi )多(duō )，然(rán )亦(yì )不(bú )必(bì )每(měi )首(shǒu )穿(chuān )穴(xué )太(tài )过(guò )。”

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●穿穴（简体版）