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(宗(zōng )师(shī )，宗(zōng )师(shī ))

1.为(wéi )众(zhòng )所(suǒ )崇(chóng )仰(yǎng )，堪(kān )称(chēng )师(shī )表(biǎo )之(zhī )人(rén )。

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·朱(zhū )浮(fú )传(chuán )》：“寻(xún )博(bó )士(shì )之(zhī )官(guān )，为(wéi )天(tiān )下(xià )宗(zōng )师(shī )，使(shǐ )孔(kǒng )圣(shèng )之(zhī )言(yán )传(chuán )而(ér )不(bú )绝(jué )。”

唐(táng )颜(yán )真(zhēn )卿(qīng )《尚(shàng )书(shū )刑(xíng )部(bù )侍(shì )郎(láng )孙(sūn )逖(tì )文(wén )公(gōng )集(jí )序(xù )》：“夫(fū )然(rán )，信(xìn )可(kě )谓(wèi )人(rén )文(wén )之(zhī )宗(zōng )师(shī )，国(guó )风(fēng )之(zhī )哲(zhé )匠(jiàng )者(zhě )矣(yǐ )！”宋(sòng )孔(kǒng )平(píng )仲(zhòng )《谈(tán )苑(yuàn )》卷(juàn )三(sān )：“石(shí )介(jiè )，字(zì )守(shǒu )道(dào )，徂(cú )徕(lái )山(shān )人(rén )也(yě )。文(wén )章(zhāng )学(xué )术(shù )，天(tiān )下(xià )宗(zōng )师(shī )，皆(jiē )呼(hū )为(wéi )徂(cú )徕(lái )先(xiān )生(shēng )。”

清(qīng )戴(dài )名(míng )世(shì )《答(dá )张(zhāng )氏(shì )二(èr )生(shēng )书(shū )》：“不(bú )佞(nìng )自(zì )初(chū )有(yǒu )知(zhī )识(shí )，即(jí )治(zhì )古(gǔ )文(wén )，奉(fèng )子(zǐ )长(zhǎng )、退(tuì )之(zhī )为(wéi )宗(zōng )师(shī )。”

秦(qín )牧(mù )《艺(yì )海(hǎi )拾(shí )贝(bèi )·眼(yǎn )睛(jīng )的(de )奥(ào )妙(miào )》：“晋(jìn )代(dài )的(de )顾(gù )恺(kǎi )之(zhī )，画(huà )过(guò )《女(nǚ )史(shǐ )箴(zhēn )图(tú )》、《洛(luò )神(shén )赋(fù )图(tú )》等(děng )名(míng )画(huà )，一(yī )向(xiàng )被(bèi )人(rén )推(tuī )为(wéi )中(zhōng )国(guó )画(huà )史(shǐ )上(shàng )的(de )第(dì )一(yī )位(wèi )画(huà )人(rén )物(wù )的(de )宗(zōng )师(shī )。”

2.尊(zūn )崇(chóng )；效(xiào )法(fǎ )，以(yǐ )之(zhī )为(wéi )师(shī )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·艺(yì )文(wén )志(zhì )》：“儒(rú )家(jiā )者(zhě )流(liú )……祖(zǔ )述(shù )尧(yáo )舜(shùn )，宪(xiàn )章(zhāng )文(wén )武(wǔ )，宗(zōng )师(shī )仲(zhòng )尼(ní )，以(yǐ )重(zhòng )其(qí )言(yán )，于(yú )道(dào )最(zuì )为(wéi )高(gāo )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·谢(xiè )弼(bì )传(chuán )》：“谢(xiè )弼(bì )字(zì )辅(fǔ )宣(xuān )，东(dōng )郡(jùn )武(wǔ )阳(yáng )人(rén )也(yě )。中(zhōng )直(zhí )方(fāng )正(zhèng )，为(wéi )乡(xiāng )邑(yì )所(suǒ )宗(zōng )师(shī )。”

宋(sòng )张(zhāng )世(shì )南(nán )《游(yóu )宦(huàn )纪(jì )闻(wén )》卷(juàn )十(shí )：“凝(níng )式(shì )虽(suī )仕(shì )历(lì )五(wǔ )代(dài )，以(yǐ )心(xīn )疾(jí )閒(jiān )居(jū )，故(gù )时(shí )人(rén )目(mù )以(yǐ )风(fēng )子(zǐ )。其(qí )笔(bǐ )迹(jì )遒(qiú )放(fàng )，宗(zōng )师(shī )欧(ōu )阳(yáng )询(xún )与(yǔ )颜(yán )真(zhēn )卿(qīng )，而(ér )加(jiā )以(yǐ )纵(zòng )逸(yì )。”

明(míng )胡(hú )应(yīng )麟(lín )《诗(shī )薮(sǒu )·古(gǔ )体(tǐ )下(xià )》：“惟(wéi )献(xiàn )吉(jí )宗(zōng )师(shī )子(zǐ )美(měi )，併(bìng )夺(duó )其(qí )神(shén )。”

3.明(míng )清(qīng )时(shí )对(duì )提(tí )督(dū )学(xué )道(dào )、提(tí )督(dū )学(xué )政(zhèng )的(de )尊(zūn )称(chēng )。

《初(chū )刻(kè )拍(pāi )桉(ān )惊(jīng )奇(qí )》卷(juàn )十(shí )：“子(zǐ )文(wén )又(yòu )到(dào )馆(guǎn )中(zhōng )，静(jìng )坐(zuò )了(le )一(yī )月(yuè )有(yǒu )馀(yú )，宗(zōng )师(shī )起(qǐ )马(mǎ )牌(pái )已(yǐ )到(dào )。那(nà )宗(zōng )师(shī )姓(xìng )梁(liáng )名(míng )玉(yù )范(fàn )，江(jiāng )西(xī )人(rén )。”

明(míng )汤(tāng )显(xiǎn )祖(zǔ )《牡(mǔ )丹(dān )亭(tíng )·腐(fǔ )叹(tàn )》：“小(xiǎo )子(zǐ )自(zì )幼(yòu )习(xí )儒(rú )，十(shí )二(èr )岁(suì )进(jìn )学(xué )，超(chāo )增(zēng )补(bǔ )廪(lǐn )，观(guān )场(chǎng )一(yī )十(shí )五(wǔ )次(cì )，不(bú )幸(xìng )前(qián )任(rèn )宗(zōng )师(shī )，考(kǎo )居(jū )劣(liè )等(děng )停(tíng )廪(lǐn )。”

《儒(rú )林(lín )外(wài )史(shǐ )》第(dì )三(sān )回(huí )：“正(zhèng )值(zhí )宗(zōng )师(shī )来(lái )省(shěng )录(lù )遗(yí )，周(zhōu )进(jìn )就(jiù )录(lù )了(le )个(gè )贡(gòng )监(jiān )首(shǒu )卷(juàn )。”

4.官(guān )名(míng )，汉(hàn )置(zhì )，晋(jìn )沿(yán )之(zhī )，属(shǔ )宗(zōng )正(zhèng )卿(qīng )，掌(zhǎng )管(guǎn )宗(zōng )室(shì )子(zǐ )弟(dì )的(de )训(xùn )导(dǎo )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·平(píng )帝(dì )纪(jì )》：“其(qí )为(wéi )宗(zōng )室(shì )自(zì )太(tài )上(shàng )皇(huáng )以(yǐ )来(lái )族(zú )亲(qīn )，各(gè )以(yǐ )世(shì )氏(shì )，郡(jùn )国(guó )置(zhì )宗(zōng )师(shī )以(yǐ )纠(jiū )之(zhī )，致(zhì )教(jiāo )训(xùn )焉(yān )。二(èr )千(qiān )石(shí )选(xuǎn )有(yǒu )德(dé )义(yì )者(zhě )以(yǐ )为(wéi )宗(zōng )师(shī )。”

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·汝(rǔ )南(nán )王(wáng )亮(liàng )传(chuán )》：“时(shí )宗(zōng )室(shì )殷(yīn )盛(shèng )，无(wú )相(xiàng )统(tǒng )摄(shè )，乃(nǎi )以(yǐ )亮(liàng )为(wéi )宗(zōng )师(shī )，本(běn )官(guān )如(rú )故(gù )，使(shǐ )训(xùn )导(dǎo )观(guān )察(chá )，有(yǒu )不(bú )遵(zūn )礼(lǐ )法(fǎ )，小(xiǎo )者(zhě )正(zhèng )以(yǐ )义(yì )方(fāng )，大(dà )者(zhě )随(suí )事(shì )闻(wén )奏(zòu )。”

《资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·晋(jìn )安(ān )帝(dì )元(yuán )兴(xìng )三(sān )年(nián )》：“十(shí )一(yī )月(yuè )，魏(wèi )主(zhǔ )珪(guī )如(rú )西(xī )宫(gōng )，命(mìng )宗(zōng )室(shì )置(zhì )宗(zōng )师(shī )，八(bā )国(guó )置(zhì )大(dà )师(shī )、小(xiǎo )师(shī )，州(zhōu )郡(jùn )亦(yì )各(gè )置(zhì )师(shī )，以(yǐ )辨(biàn )宗(zōng )党(dǎng )，与(yǔ )才(cái )行(háng )，如(rú )魏(wèi )晋(jìn )中(zhōng )正(zhèng )之(zhī )职(zhí )。”

5.佛(fó )教(jiāo )尊(zūn )称(chēng )传(chuán )其(qí )宗(zōng )法(fǎ )者(zhě )为(wéi )宗(zōng )师(shī )。参(cān )阅(yuè )《释(shì )氏(shì )要(yào )览(lǎn )》卷(juàn )上(shàng )。

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●宗师（简体版）