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1.唐(táng )宋(sòng )时(shí )进(jìn )士(shì )称(chēng )主(zhǔ )试(shì )官(guān )为(wéi )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。至(zhì )明(míng )清(qīng )，举(jǔ )人(rén )、进(jìn )士(shì )亦(yì )称(chēng )其(qí )本(běn )科(kē )主(zhǔ )考(kǎo )官(guān )或(huò )总(zǒng )裁(cái )官(guān )为(wéi )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。或(huò )称(chēng )师(shī )座(zuò )。

唐(táng )李(lǐ )肇(zhào )《唐(táng )国(guó )史(shǐ )补(bǔ )》卷(juàn )下(xià )：“﹝进(jìn )士(shì )﹞互(hù )相(xiàng )推(tuī )敬(jìng )谓(wèi )之(zhī )先(xiān )辈(bèi )。俱(jù )捷(jié )谓(wèi )之(zhī )同(tóng )年(nián )。有(yǒu )司(sī )谓(wèi )之(zhī )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。”

《旧(jiù )唐(táng )书(shū )·令(lìng )狐(hú )峘(huán )传(chuán )》：“衢(qú )州(zhōu )刺(cì )史(shǐ )田(tián )敦(dūn )，峘(huán )知(zhī )举(jǔ )时(shí )进(jìn )士(shì )门(mén )生(shēng )也(yě )。初(chū )峘(huán )当(dāng )贡(gòng )部(bù )，放(fàng )牓(bǎng )日(rì )贬(biǎn )逐(zhú )，与(yǔ )敦(dūn )不(bú )相(xiàng )面(miàn )。

敦(dūn )闻(wén )峘(huán )来(lái )，喜(xǐ )曰(yuē )：‘始(shǐ )见(jiàn )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。’迎(yíng )谒(yè )之(zhī )礼(lǐ )甚(shèn )厚(hòu )。”

宋(sòng )梅(méi )尧(yáo )臣(chén )《较(jiào )艺(yì )赠(zèng )永(yǒng )叔(shū )和(hé )禹(yǔ )玉(yù )》诗(shī )：“今(jīn )看(kàn )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )与(yǔ )门(mén )生(shēng )，事(shì )事(shì )相(xiàng )同(tóng )举(jǔ )世(shì )荣(róng )。”

《明(míng )史(shǐ )·霍(huò )韬(tāo )传(chuán )》：“举(jǔ )进(jìn )士(shì )出(chū )毛(máo )澄(chéng )门(mén )下(xià )，素(sù )执(zhí )弟(dì )子(zǐ )礼(lǐ )，议(yì )礼(lǐ )不(bú )合(hé )，遂(suí )不(bú )复(fù )称(chēng )为(wéi )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。”

清(qīng )侯(hóu )方(fāng )域(yù )《太(tài )常(cháng )公(gōng )家(jiā )传(chuán )》：“公(gōng )果(guǒ )以(yǐ )戊(wù )戌(xū )登(dēng )进(jìn )士(shì )科(kē )，李(lǐ )腾(téng )芳(fāng )者(zhě )，公(gōng )之(zhī )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )也(yě )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )清(qīng )顾(gù )炎(yán )武(wǔ )《日(rì )知(zhī )录(lù )》卷(juàn )十(shí )七(qī )。

2.佛(fó )教(jiāo )语(yǔ )。谓(wèi )大(dà )众(zhòng )一(yī )座(zuò )之(zhī )主(zhǔ )。犹(yóu )言(yán )上(shàng )座(zuò )、首(shǒu )座(zuò )。

《释(shì )氏(shì )要(yào )览(lǎn )》上(shàng )：“今(jīn )释(shì )氏(shì )取(qǔ )学(xué )解(jiě )优(yōu )赡(shàn )颖(yǐng )拔(bá )者(zhě )名(míng )座(zuò )主(zhǔ )。谓(wèi )一(yī )座(zuò )之(zhī )主(zhǔ )。”

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●座主（简体版）