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1.寄(jì )生(shēng )在(zài )桂(guì )树(shù )上(shàng )的(de )一(yī )种(zhǒng )虫(chóng )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·南(nán )粤(yuè )传(chuán )》：“谨(jǐn )北(běi )面(miàn )因(yīn )使(shǐ )者(zhě )献(xiàn )白(bái )璧(bì )一(yī )双(shuāng )，翠(cuì )鸟(niǎo )千(qiān )，犀(xī )角(jiǎo )十(shí )，紫(zǐ )贝(bèi )五(wǔ )百(bǎi )，桂(guì )蠹(dù )一(yī )器(qì )，生(shēng )翠(cuì )四(sì )十(shí )双(shuāng )，孔(kǒng )雀(què )二(èr )双(shuāng )。”

颜(yán )师(shī )古(gǔ )注(zhù )：“应(yīng )劭(shào )曰(yuē )：‘桂(guì )树(shù )中(zhōng )蝎(xiē )虫(chóng )也(yě )。’苏(sū )林(lín )曰(yuē )：‘汉(hàn )旧(jiù )常(cháng )以(yǐ )献(xiàn )陵(líng )庙(miào )，载(zǎi )以(yǐ )赤(chì )毂(gū )小(xiǎo )车(chē )。’此(cǐ )虫(chóng )食(shí )桂(guì )，故(gù )味(wèi )辛(xīn )，而(ér )渍(zì )之(zhī )以(yǐ )蜜(mì )食(shí )之(zhī )也(yě )。”

隋(suí )江(jiāng )总(zǒng )《南(nán )越(yuè )木(mù )槿(jǐn )赋(fù )》：“井(jǐng )上(shàng )桃(táo )虫(chóng )难(nán )可(kě )杂(zá )，庭(tíng )中(zhōng )桂(guì )蠹(dù )岂(qǐ )见(jiàn )怜(lián )。”

2.喻(yù )只(zhī )知(zhī )食(shí )禄(lù )的(de )官(guān )吏(lì )。

《楚(chǔ )辞(cí )·东(dōng )方(fāng )朔(shuò )＜七(qī )谏(jiàn )·怨(yuàn )世(shì )＞》：“桂(guì )蠹(dù )不(bú )知(zhī )所(suǒ )淹(yān )留(liú )兮(xī )，蓼(liǎo )虫(chóng )不(bú )知(zhī )徙(xǐ )乎(hū )葵(kuí )菜(cài )。处(chù )愍(mǐn )愍(mǐn )之(zhī )浊(zhuó )世(shì )兮(xī )，今(jīn )安(ān )所(suǒ )达(dá )乎(hū )吾(wú )志(zhì )？”王(wáng )逸(yì )注(zhù )：“桂(guì )蠹(dù )以(yǐ )喻(yù )食(shí )禄(lù )之(zhī )臣(chén )也(yě )。言(yán )桂(guì )蠹(dù )食(shí )芬(fēn )香(xiāng )、居(jū )高(gāo )显(xiǎn )，不(bú )知(zhī )留(liú )止(zhǐ )，妄(wàng )欲(yù )移(yí )徙(xǐ )，则(zé )失(shī )甘(gān )美(měi )之(zhī )木(mù )，亡(wáng )其(qí )处(chù )也(yě )，以(yǐ )言(yán )众(zhòng )臣(chén )食(shí )君(jūn )之(zhī )禄(lù )，不(bú )建(jiàn )忠(zhōng )信(xìn )，妄(wàng )行(háng )佞(nìng )谄(chǎn )亦(yì )将(jiāng )失(shī )其(qí )位(wèi )，丧(sàng )其(qí )所(suǒ )也(yě )。”

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●桂蠹（简体版）