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1.古(gǔ )水(shuǐ )名(míng )。由(yóu )于(yú )水(shuǐ )道(dào )水(shuǐ )浅(qiǎn )或(huò )当(dāng )地(dì )人(rén )民(mín )不(bú )习(xí )惯(guàn )造(zào )船(chuán )而(ér )不(bú )通(tōng )舟(zhōu )楫(jí )，只(zhī )用(yòng )皮(pí )筏(fá )济(jì )渡(dù )的(de )，古(gǔ )人(rén )往(wǎng )往(wǎng )认(rèn )为(wéi )是(shì )水(shuǐ )弱(ruò )不(bú )能(néng )载(zǎi )舟(zhōu )，因(yīn )称(chēng )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )。故(gù )古(gǔ )时(shí )所(suǒ )称(chēng )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )者(zhě )甚(shèn )多(duō )。(1)《书(shū )·禹(yǔ )贡(gòng )》：“黑(hēi )水(shuǐ )西(xī )河(hé )惟(wéi )雍(yōng )州(zhōu )，弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )既(jì )西(xī )。”又(yòu )：“导(dǎo )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )至(zhì )于(yú )合(hé )黎(lí )，馀(yú )波(bō )入(rù )于(yú )流(liú )沙(shā )。”上(shàng )源(yuán )指(zhǐ )今(jīn )甘(gān )肃(sù )山(shān )丹(dān )河(hé )，下(xià )游(yóu )即(jí )山(shān )丹(dān )河(hé )与(yǔ )甘(gān )州(zhōu )河(hé )合(hé )流(liú )后(hòu )的(de )黑(hēi )河(hé )，入(rù )内(nèi )蒙(méng )古(gǔ )境(jìng )后(hòu )，称(chēng )额(é )济(jì )纳(nà )河(hé )。(2)《山(shān )海(hǎi )经(jīng )·西(xī )山(shān )经(jīng )》：“劳(láo )山(shān )，弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )出(chū )焉(yān )，而(ér )西(xī )流(liú )注(zhù )于(yú )洛(luò )。”指(zhǐ )今(jīn )陝(shǎn )西(xī )北(běi )部(bù )洛(luò )水(shuǐ )上(shàng )游(yóu )某(mǒu )支(zhī )流(liú )。(3)《山(shān )海(hǎi )经(jīng )·大(dà )荒(huāng )西(xī )经(jīng )》：“﹝昆(kūn )仑(lún )之(zhī )丘(qiū )﹞其(qí )下(xià )有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )之(zhī )渊(yuān )。”

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·大(dà )宛(wǎn )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“安(ān )息(xī )长(zhǎng )老(lǎo )传(chuán )闻(wén )条(tiáo )支(zhī )有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )西(xī )王(wáng )母(mǔ )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·西(xī )域(yù )传(chuán )·大(dà )秦(qín )》：“﹝大(dà )秦(qín )国(guó )﹞西(xī )有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )、流(liú )沙(shā )，近(jìn )西(xī )王(wáng )母(mǔ )所(suǒ )居(jū )处(chù )。”所(suǒ )指(zhǐ )皆(jiē )在(zài )西(xī )方(fāng )远(yuǎn )处(chù )以(yǐ )至(zhì )国(guó )外(wài )。(4)《汉(hàn )书(shū )·地(dì )理(lǐ )志(zhì )下(xià )》：“金(jīn )城(chéng )郡(jùn )……临(lín )羌(qiāng )。”原(yuán )注(zhù )：“西(xī )有(yǒu )须(xū )抵(dǐ )池(chí )，有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )、昆(kūn )仑(lún )山(shān )祠(cí )。”可(kě )能(néng )指(zhǐ )今(jīn )青(qīng )海(hǎi )。(5)《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·东(dōng )夷(yí )传(chuán )·夫(fū )馀(yú )》：“北(běi )有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )。”当(dāng )在(zài )今(jīn )黑(hēi )龙(lóng )江(jiāng )省(shěng )境(jìng )内(nèi )。(6)《资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·宋(sòng )文(wén )帝(dì )元(yuán )嘉(jiā )六(liù )年(nián )》：“魏(wèi )主(zhǔ )循(xún )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )西(xī )行(háng )，至(zhì )涿(zhuō )邪(xié )山(shān )。”当(dāng )在(zài )今(jīn )蒙(méng )古(gǔ )人(rén )民(mín )共(gòng )和(hé )国(guó )境(jìng )内(nèi )。(7)《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·西(xī )域(yù )传(chuán )上(shàng )·东(dōng )女(nǚ )》：“有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )南(nán )流(liú )。”当(dāng )在(zài )今(jīn )青(qīng )海(hǎi )或(huò )西(xī )藏(cáng )境(jìng )。(8)《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·北(běi )狄(dí )传(chuán )·奚(xī )》：“以(yǐ )奚(xī )阿(ā )会(huì )部(bù )为(wéi )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )州(zhōu )。”当(dāng )在(zài )今(jīn )内(nèi )蒙(méng )古(gǔ )东(dōng )境(jìng )。

2.又(yòu )名(míng )娑(suō )夷(yí )水(shuǐ )。即(jí )今(jīn )克(kè )什(shí )米(mǐ )尔(ěr )西(xī )北(běi )部(bù )吉(jí )尔(ěr )吉(jí )特(tè )(Gilgit)附(fù )近(jìn )印(yìn )度(dù )河(hé )北(běi )岸(àn )支(zhī )流(liú )。

唐(táng )天(tiān )宝(bǎo )六(liù )年(nián )(公(gōng )元(yuán )747年(nián ))高(gāo )仙(xiān )芝(zhī )攻(gōng )小(xiǎo )勃(bó )律(lǜ )，进(jìn )军(jūn )至(zhì )此(cǐ )。

3.古(gǔ )代(dài )神(shén )话(huà )传(chuán )说(shuō )中(zhōng )称(chēng )险(xiǎn )恶(è )难(nán )渡(dù )的(de )河(hé )海(hǎi )。

《海(hǎi )内(nèi )十(shí )洲(zhōu )记(jì )·凤(fèng )麟(lín )洲(zhōu )》：“凤(fèng )麟(lín )洲(zhōu )在(zài )西(xī )海(hǎi )之(zhī )中(zhōng )央(yāng )，地(dì )方(fāng )一(yī )千(qiān )五(wǔ )百(bǎi )里(lǐ )，洲(zhōu )四(sì )面(miàn )有(yǒu )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )绕(rào )之(zhī )，鸿(hóng )毛(máo )不(bú )浮(fú )，不(bú )可(kě )越(yuè )也(yě )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《金(jīn )山(shān )妙(miào )高(gāo )台(tái )》诗(shī )：“蓬(péng )莱(lái )不(bú )可(kě )到(dào )，弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )三(sān )万(wàn )里(lǐ )。”

《西(xī )游(yóu )记(jì )》第(dì )二(èr )二(èr )回(huí )：“八(bā )百(bǎi )流(liú )沙(shā )界(jiè )，三(sān )千(qiān )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )深(shēn )。鹅(é )毛(máo )飘(piāo )不(bú )起(qǐ )，芦(lú )花(huā )定(dìng )底(dǐ )沉(chén )。”

《红(hóng )楼(lóu )梦(mèng )》第(dì )二(èr )五(wǔ )回(huí )：“一(yī )足(zú )高(gāo )来(lái )一(yī )足(zú )低(dī )，浑(hún )身(shēn )带(dài )水(shuǐ )又(yòu )拖(tuō )泥(ní )。相(xiàng )逢(féng )若(ruò )问(wèn )家(jiā )何(hé )处(chù )，却(què )在(zài )蓬(péng )莱(lái )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )西(xī )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《集(jí )外(wài )集(jí )拾(shí )遗(yí )补(bǔ )编(biān )·中(zhōng )国(guó )地(dì )质(zhì )略(luè )论(lùn )》：“呜(wū )呼(hū )！现(xiàn )象(xiàng )如(rú )是(shì )，虽(suī )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )四(sì )环(huán )，锁(suǒ )户(hù )孤(gū )立(lì )，犹(yóu )将(jiāng )汰(tài )于(yú )天(tiān )行(háng )，以(yǐ )日(rì )退(tuì )化(huà )。”

4.犹(yóu )言(yán )爱(ài )河(hé )情(qíng )海(hǎi )。

《红(hóng )楼(lóu )梦(mèng )》第(dì )九(jiǔ )一(yī )回(huí )：“任(rèn )凭(píng )弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )三(sān )千(qiān )，我(wǒ )只(zhī )取(qǔ )一(yī )瓢(piáo )饮(yǐn )。”

苏(sū )曼(màn )殊(shū )《碎(suì )簪(zān )记(jì )》：“余(yú )曰(yuē )：‘然(rán )则(zé )二(èr )美(měi )并(bìng )爱(ài )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )。’庄(zhuāng )湜(shí )复(fù )叹(tàn )曰(yuē )：‘君(jūn )思(sī )“弱(ruò )水(shuǐ )三(sān )千(qiān )”之(zhī )义(yì )，当(dāng )识(shí )吾(wú )心(xīn )。’余(yú )曰(yuē )：‘今(jīn )问(wèn )子(zǐ )，心(xīn )所(suǒ )先(xiān )属(shǔ )者(zhě )阿(ā )谁(shuí )？’曰(yuē )：‘灵(líng )芳(fāng )。’”三(sān )千(qiān )，喻(yù )其(qí )多(duō )。

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●弱水（简体版）