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(讹(é )言(yán )，讹(é )言(yán ))

I

1.虚(xū )假(jiǎ )、谣(yáo )传(chuán )的(de )话(huà )。

《诗(shī )·小(xiǎo )雅(yǎ )·沔(miǎn )水(shuǐ )》：“民(mín )之(zhī )讹(é )言(yán )，宁(níng )莫(mò )之(zhī )惩(chéng )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )笺(jiān )：“讹(é )，伪(wěi )也(yě )。言(yán )时(shí )不(bú )令(lìng )，小(xiǎo )人(rén )好(hǎo )诈(zhà )伪(wěi )，为(wéi )交(jiāo )易(yì )之(zhī )言(yán )使(shǐ )见(jiàn )怨(yuàn )咎(jiù )，安(ān )然(rán )无(wú )禁(jìn )止(zhǐ )。”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·王(wáng )商(shāng )传(chuán )》：“今(jīn )政(zhèng )治(zhì )和(hé )平(píng )，世(shì )无(wú )兵(bīng )革(gé )，上(shàng )下(xià )相(xiàng )安(ān )，何(hé )因(yīn )当(dāng )有(yǒu )大(dà )水(shuǐ )一(yī )日(rì )暴(bào )至(zhì )？此(cǐ )必(bì )讹(é )言(yán )也(yě )。”

明(míng )张(zhāng )居(jū )正(zhèng )《答(dá )应(yīng )天(tiān )巡(xún )抚(fǔ )海(hǎi )刚(gāng )峰(fēng )书(shū )》：“三(sān )尺(chǐ )法(fǎ )不(bú )行(háng )于(yú )吴(wú )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )，公(gōng )骤(zhòu )而(ér )矫(jiǎo )以(yǐ )绳(shéng )墨(mò )，宜(yí )其(qí )不(bú )能(néng )堪(kān )也(yě )。讹(é )言(yán )沸(fèi )腾(téng )，听(tīng )者(zhě )惶(huáng )惑(huò )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《书(shū )信(xìn )集(jí )·致(zhì )许(xǔ )寿(shòu )裳(shang )》：“近(jìn )日(rì )浙(zhè )江(jiāng )亲(qīn )友(yǒu )有(yǒu )传(chuán )其(qí )病(bìng )笃(dǔ )或(huò )已(yǐ )死(sǐ )者(zhě )，恐(kǒng )即(jí )因(yīn )出(chū )院(yuàn )之(zhī )故(gù )。恐(kǒng )兄(xiōng )亦(yì )闻(wén )此(cǐ )讹(é )言(yán )，为(wéi )之(zhī )黯(àn )然(rán )，故(gù )特(tè )此(cǐ )奉(fèng )白(bái )。”

2.谣(yáo )传(chuán )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·赵(zhào )世(shì )家(jiā )》：“六(liù )年(nián )，大(dà )饥(jī )，民(mín )讹(é )言(yán )曰(yuē )：‘赵(zhào )为(wéi )号(hào )，秦(qín )为(wéi )笑(xiào )。以(yǐ )为(wéi )不(bú )信(xìn )，视(shì )地(dì )之(zhī )生(shēng )毛(máo )。’”

《旧(jiù )唐(táng )书(shū )·杨(yáng )虞(yú )卿(qīng )传(chuán )》：“其(qí )年(nián )六(liù )月(yuè )，京(jīng )师(shī )讹(é )言(yán )郑(zhèng )注(zhù )为(wéi )上(shàng )合(hé )金(jīn )丹(dān )，须(xū )小(xiǎo )儿(ér )心(xīn )肝(gān )，密(mì )旨(zhǐ )捕(bǔ )小(xiǎo )儿(ér )无(wú )算(suàn )。”

II

1.虚(xū )假(jiǎ )、谣(yáo )传(chuán )的(de )话(huà )。

《诗(shī )·小(xiǎo )雅(yǎ )·沔(miǎn )水(shuǐ )》：“民(mín )之(zhī )讹(é )言(yán )，宁(níng )莫(mò )之(zhī )惩(chéng )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )笺(jiān )：“讹(é )，伪(wěi )也(yě )。言(yán )时(shí )不(bú )令(lìng )，小(xiǎo )人(rén )好(hǎo )诈(zhà )伪(wěi )，为(wéi )交(jiāo )易(yì )之(zhī )言(yán )使(shǐ )见(jiàn )怨(yuàn )咎(jiù )，安(ān )然(rán )无(wú )禁(jìn )止(zhǐ )。”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·王(wáng )商(shāng )传(chuán )》：“今(jīn )政(zhèng )治(zhì )和(hé )平(píng )，世(shì )无(wú )兵(bīng )革(gé )，上(shàng )下(xià )相(xiàng )安(ān )，何(hé )因(yīn )当(dāng )有(yǒu )大(dà )水(shuǐ )一(yī )日(rì )暴(bào )至(zhì )？此(cǐ )必(bì )讹(é )言(yán )也(yě )。”

明(míng )张(zhāng )居(jū )正(zhèng )《答(dá )应(yīng )天(tiān )巡(xún )抚(fǔ )海(hǎi )刚(gāng )峰(fēng )书(shū )》：“三(sān )尺(chǐ )法(fǎ )不(bú )行(háng )于(yú )吴(wú )久(jiǔ )矣(yǐ )，公(gōng )骤(zhòu )而(ér )矫(jiǎo )以(yǐ )绳(shéng )墨(mò )，宜(yí )其(qí )不(bú )能(néng )堪(kān )也(yě )。讹(é )言(yán )沸(fèi )腾(téng )，听(tīng )者(zhě )惶(huáng )惑(huò )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《书(shū )信(xìn )集(jí )·致(zhì )许(xǔ )寿(shòu )裳(shang )》：“近(jìn )日(rì )浙(zhè )江(jiāng )亲(qīn )友(yǒu )有(yǒu )传(chuán )其(qí )病(bìng )笃(dǔ )或(huò )已(yǐ )死(sǐ )者(zhě )，恐(kǒng )即(jí )因(yīn )出(chū )院(yuàn )之(zhī )故(gù )。恐(kǒng )兄(xiōng )亦(yì )闻(wén )此(cǐ )讹(é )言(yán )，为(wéi )之(zhī )黯(àn )然(rán )，故(gù )特(tè )此(cǐ )奉(fèng )白(bái )。”

2.谣(yáo )传(chuán )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·赵(zhào )世(shì )家(jiā )》：“六(liù )年(nián )，大(dà )饥(jī )，民(mín )讹(é )言(yán )曰(yuē )：‘赵(zhào )为(wéi )号(hào )，秦(qín )为(wéi )笑(xiào )。以(yǐ )为(wéi )不(bú )信(xìn )，视(shì )地(dì )之(zhī )生(shēng )毛(máo )。’”

《旧(jiù )唐(táng )书(shū )·杨(yáng )虞(yú )卿(qīng )传(chuán )》：“其(qí )年(nián )六(liù )月(yuè )，京(jīng )师(shī )讹(é )言(yán )郑(zhèng )注(zhù )为(wéi )上(shàng )合(hé )金(jīn )丹(dān )，须(xū )小(xiǎo )儿(ér )心(xīn )肝(gān )，密(mì )旨(zhǐ )捕(bǔ )小(xiǎo )儿(ér )无(wú )算(suàn )。”

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