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1.指(zhǐ )因(yīn )谦(qiān )让(ràng )而(ér )得(dé )到(dào )的(de )四(sì )种(zhǒng )好(hǎo )处(chù )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·艺(yì )文(wén )志(zhì )》：“合(hé )于(yú )尧(yáo )之(zhī )克(kè )攘(rǎng )，《易(yì )》之(zhī )嗛(qiàn )嗛(qiàn )，一(yī )谦(qiān )而(ér )四(sì )益(yì )，此(cǐ )其(qí )所(suǒ )长(zhǎng )也(yě )。”

颜(yán )师(shī )古(gǔ )注(zhù )：“四(sì )益(yì )，谓(wèi )天(tiān )道(dào )亏(kuī )盈(yíng )而(ér )益(yì )谦(qiān )，地(dì )道(dào )变(biàn )盈(yíng )而(ér )流(liú )谦(qiān )，鬼(guǐ )神(shén )害(hài )盈(yíng )而(ér )福(fú )谦(qiān )，人(rén )道(dào )恶(è )盈(yíng )而(ér )好(hǎo )谦(qiān )也(yě )。”

2.指(zhǐ )益(yì )言(yán )、益(yì )事(shì )、益(yì )文(wén )、益(yì )友(yǒu )。

宋(sòng )王(wáng )应(yīng )麟(lín )《小(xiǎo )学(xué )绀(gàn )珠(zhū )·性(xìng )理(lǐ )·四(sì )益(yì )》：“无(wú )益(yì )之(zhī )言(yán )勿(wù )听(tīng )，无(wú )益(yì )之(zhī )事(shì )勿(wù )为(wéi )，无(wú )益(yì )之(zhī )文(wén )勿(wù )观(guān )，无(wú )益(yì )之(zhī )友(yǒu )勿(wù )亲(qīn )。”

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●四益（简体版）