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1.南(nán )北(běi )朝(cháo )时(shí )，北(běi )魏(wèi )、东(dōng )魏(wèi )、西(xī )魏(wèi )、北(běi )齐(qí )、北(běi )周(zhōu )立(lì )国(guó )北(běi )方(fāng )，史(shǐ )称(chēng )北(běi )朝(cháo )，以(yǐ )与(yǔ )立(lì )国(guó )南(nán )方(fāng )，迭(dié )相(xiàng )更(gèng )替(tì )的(de )南(nán )朝(cháo )(宋(sòng )、齐(qí )、梁(liáng )、陈(chén ))相(xiàng )对(duì )。参(cān )见(jiàn )“南(nán )北(běi )朝(cháo )”。

2.泛(fàn )指(zhǐ )北(běi )方(fāng )的(de )王(wáng )朝(cháo )。多(duō )指(zhǐ )少(shǎo )数(shù )民(mín )族(zú )政(zhèng )权(quán )。

《新(xīn )五(wǔ )代(dài )史(shǐ )·晋(jìn )高(gāo )祖(zǔ )皇(huáng )后(hòu )李(lǐ )氏(shì )》：“昔(xī )先(xiān )帝(dì )起(qǐ )太(tài )原(yuán )时(shí )，欲(yù )择(zé )一(yī )子(zǐ )留(liú )守(shǒu )，谋(móu )之(zhī )北(běi )朝(cháo )皇(huáng )帝(dì )，皇(huáng )帝(dì )以(yǐ )属(shǔ )我(wǒ )。”此(cǐ )指(zhǐ )契(qì )丹(dān )。

宋(sòng )司(sī )马(mǎ )光(guāng )《涑(sù )水(shuǐ )记(jì )闻(wén )·逸(yì )文(wén )》：“景(jǐng )德(dé )中(zhōng )，朝(cháo )廷(tíng )始(shǐ )与(yǔ )北(běi )虏(lǔ )通(tōng )好(hǎo )，诏(zhào )遣(qiǎn )使(shǐ )将(jiāng )以(yǐ )‘北(běi )朝(cháo )’呼(hū )之(zhī )。”此(cǐ )指(zhǐ )辽(liáo )。

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●北朝（简体版）