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(南(nán )学(xué )，南(nán )学(xué ))

1.周(zhōu )代(dài )五(wǔ )学(xué )之(zhī )一(yī )。

周(zhōu )有(yǒu )东(dōng )、南(nán )、西(xī )、北(běi )四(sì )学(xué )，并(bìng )太(tài )学(xué )称(chēng )五(wǔ )学(xué )。

《大(dà )戴(dài )礼(lǐ )记(jì )·保(bǎo )傅(fù )》：“帝(dì )入(rù )南(nán )学(xué )，上(shàng )齿(chǐ )而(ér )贵(guì )信(xìn )，则(zé )长(zhǎng )幼(yòu )有(yǒu )差(chà )，而(ér )民(mín )不(bú )诬(wū )矣(yǐ )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·祭(jì )祀(sì )志(zhì )中(zhōng )》“灵(líng )台(tái )未(wèi )用(yòng )事(shì )”刘(liú )昭(zhāo )注(zhù )引(yǐn )《易(yì )传(chuán )·太(tài )初(chū )篇(piān )》“天(tiān )子(zǐ )旦(dàn )入(rù )东(dōng )学(xué )，昼(zhòu )入(rù )南(nán )学(xué )。暮(mù )入(rù )西(xī )学(xué )。在(zài )中(zhōng )央(yāng )曰(yuē )太(tài )学(xué )，天(tiān )子(zǐ )之(zhī )所(suǒ )自(zì )学(xué )也(yě )。”

2.南(nán )朝(cháo )宋(sòng )何(hé )尚(shàng )之(zhī )于(yú )南(nán )郭(guō )外(wài )立(lì )学(xué )聚(jù )生(shēng )徒(tú )，称(chēng )为(wéi )南(nán )学(xué )。

《宋(sòng )书(shū )·何(hé )尚(shàng )之(zhī )传(chuán )》：“尚(shàng )之(zhī )为(wéi )尹(yǐn )，立(lì )宅(zhái )南(nán )郭(guō )外(wài )，置(zhì )玄(xuán )学(xué )，聚(jù )生(shēng )徒(tú )。

东(dōng )海(hǎi )徐(xú )秀(xiù )，庐(lú )江(jiāng )何(hé )昙(tán )、黄(huáng )回(huí )，颍(yǐng )川(chuān )荀(xún )子(zǐ )华(huá )，太(tài )原(yuán )孙(sūn )宗(zōng )昌(chāng )、王(wáng )延(yán )秀(xiù )，鲁(lǔ )郡(jùn )孔(kǒng )惠(huì )宣(xuān )，并(bìng )慕(mù )道(dào )来(lái )游(yóu )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )南(nán )学(xué )。”

3.南(nán )北(běi )朝(cháo )时(shí )南(nán )朝(cháo )的(de )经(jīng )学(xué )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )经(jīng )师(shī )，发(fā )展(zhǎn )魏(wèi )晋(jìn )学(xué )风(fēng )，除(chú )《诗(shī )》、《三(sān )礼(lǐ )》采(cǎi )用(yòng )郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )笺(jiān )注(zhù )外(wài )，《周(zhōu )易(yì )》用(yòng )三(sān )国(guó )魏(wèi )王(wáng )弼(bì )注(zhù )，《尚(shàng )书(shū )》用(yòng )伪(wěi )孔(kǒng )安(ān )国(guó )传(chuán )，《左(zuǒ )传(chuán )》用(yòng )晋(jìn )杜(dù )预(yù )注(zhù )。讲(jiǎng )经(jīng )兼(jiān )采(cǎi )众(zhòng )说(shuō )，也(yě )取(qǔ )玄(xuán )学(xué )，不(bú )拘(jū )家(jiā )法(fǎ )，随(suí )意(yì )发(fā )挥(huī )。又(yòu )受(shòu )佛(fó )教(jiāo )影(yǐng )响(xiǎng )，所(suǒ )作(zuò )义(yì )疏(shū )比(bǐ )经(jīng )注(zhù )更(gèng )为(wéi )详(xiáng )尽(jìn )。

4.清(qīng )初(chū )黄(huáng )宗(zōng )羲(xī )开(kāi )塾(shú )讲(jiǎng )肄(yì )，时(shí )人(rén )称(chēng )为(wéi )南(nán )学(xué )。

清(qīng )陈(chén )康(kāng )祺(qí )《郎(láng )潜(qián )纪(jì )闻(wén )》卷(juàn )八(bā )：“国(guó )初(chū )孙(sūn )徵(zhēng )君(jūn )讲(jiǎng )学(xué )苏(sū )门(mén )，号(hào )为(wéi )北(běi )学(xué )；馀(yú )姚(yáo )黄(huáng )梨(lí )洲(zhōu )宗(zōng )羲(xī )，教(jiāo )授(shòu )其(qí )乡(xiāng )，数(shù )往(wǎng )来(lái )明(míng )越(yuè )间(jiān )，开(kāi )塾(shú )讲(jiǎng )肄(yì )，为(wéi )南(nán )学(xué )。”参(cān )见(jiàn )“南(nán )北(běi )学(xué )”。

5.清(qīng )代(dài )雍(yōng )正(zhèng )九(jiǔ )年(nián )，将(jiāng )毗(pí )连(lián )国(guó )子(zǐ )监(jiān )街(jiē )南(nán )的(de )官(guān )房(fáng )作(zuò )为(wéi )学(xué )舍(shě )，令(lìng )助(zhù )教(jiāo )等(děng )官(guān )及(jí )肄(yì )业(yè )生(shēng )居(jū )住(zhù )，称(chēng )为(wéi )“南(nán )学(xué )”。

《清(qīng )史(shǐ )稿(gǎo )·职(zhí )官(guān )志(zhì )二(èr )》：“九(jiǔ )年(nián )，建(jiàn )南(nán )学(xué )。”原(yuán )注(zhù )：“在(zài )学(xué )肄(yì )业(yè )者(zhě )为(wéi )南(nán )学(xué )，在(zài )外(wài )肄(yì )业(yè )赴(fù )学(xué )考(kǎo )试(shì )者(zhě )为(wéi )北(běi )学(xué )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )《光(guāng )绪(xù )会(huì )典(diǎn )事(shì )例(lì )》卷(juàn )一(yī )○九(jiǔ )八(bā )。

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●南学（简体版）