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(纵(zòng )横(héng )家(jiā )，纵(zòng )横(héng )家(jiā ))

战(zhàn )国(guó )时(shí )期(qī )一(yī )批(pī )从(cóng )事(shì )政(zhèng )治(zhì )活(huó )动(dòng )的(de )谋(móu )士(shì )，以(yǐ )审(shěn )察(chá )时(shí )势(shì )、陈(chén )明(míng )利(lì )害(hài )的(de )方(fāng )法(fǎ )，以(yǐ )“合(hé )纵(zòng )”、“连(lián )横(héng )”的(de )主(zhǔ )张(zhāng )，游(yóu )说(shuō )列(liè )国(guó )君(jūn )主(zhǔ )，对(duì )当(dāng )时(shí )形(xíng )势(shì )有(yǒu )一(yī )定(dìng )影(yǐng )响(xiǎng )，其(qí )代(dài )表(biǎo )人(rén )物(wù )为(wéi )苏(sū )秦(qín )、张(zhāng )仪(yí )。

苏(sū )秦(qín )主(zhǔ )张(zhāng )合(hé )纵(zòng )，合(hé )山(shān )东(dōng )六(liù )国(guó )之(zhī )力(lì )以(yǐ )抗(kàng )秦(qín )。

张(zhāng )仪(yí )主(zhǔ )张(zhāng )连(lián )横(héng )，说(shuō )六(liù )国(guó )以(yǐ )事(shì )秦(qín )。当(dāng )时(shí )谋(móu )士(shì )一(yī )般(bān )分(fèn )属(shǔ )合(hé )纵(zòng )、连(lián )横(héng )两(liǎng )派(pài )，《汉(hàn )书(shū )·艺(yì )文(wén )志(zhì )》列(liè )为(wéi )“九(jiǔ )流(liú )”之(zhī )一(yī )。后(hòu )因(yīn )称(chēng )凭(píng )辩(biàn )才(cái )进(jìn )行(háng )政(zhèng )治(zhì )活(huó )动(dòng )者(zhě )为(wéi )“纵(zòng )横(héng )家(jiā )”。

《资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·周(zhōu )显(xiǎn )王(wáng )三(sān )十(shí )六(liù )年(nián )》“张(zhāng )仪(yí )者(zhě )，魏(wèi )人(rén )，与(yǔ )苏(sū )秦(qín )俱(jù )事(shì )鬼(guǐ )谷(gǔ )先(xiān )生(shēng )”胡(hú )三(sān )省(shěng )注(zhù )引(yǐn )汉(hàn )应(yīng )劭(shào )《风(fēng )俗(sú )通(tōng )》：“鬼(guǐ )谷(gǔ )先(xiān )生(shēng )，六(liù )国(guó )时(shí )纵(zòng )横(héng )家(jiā )。”

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《汉(hàn )文(wén )学(xué )史(shǐ )纲(gāng )要(yào )》第(dì )八(bā )篇(piān )：“盖(gài )吴(wú )蓄(xù )深(shēn )谋(móu )，偏(piān )好(hǎo )策(cè )士(shì )，故(gù )文(wén )辩(biàn )之(zhī )士(shì )，亦(yì )常(cháng )有(yǒu )纵(zòng )横(héng )家(jiā )遗(yí )风(fēng )。”

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●纵横家（简体版）